References

Burghardt, P.R., E.S. Kemmerer, B.J. Buck, A.J. Osetek and C. Yan et al., 2010. Dietary n-3:n-6 fatty acid ratios differentially influence hormonal signature in a rodent model of metabolic syndrome relative to healthy controls. Nutr. Metab., Vol. 7. 10.1186/1743-7075-7-53

Coates, A.M., S. Sioutis, J.D. Buckley and P.R.C. Howe, 2009. Regular consumption of n-3 fatty acid-enriched pork modifies cardiovascular risk factors. Br. J. Nutr., 101: 592-597.
CrossRef  |  

Daley, C.A., A. Abbott, P.S. Doyle, G.A. Nader and S. Larson, 2010. A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef. Nutr. J., Vol. 9. 10.1186/1475-2891-9-10

Farrell, D.J., 1998. Enrichment of hen eggs with n-3 long-chain fatty acids and evaluation of enriched eggs in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 68: 538-544.
Direct Link  |  

Gogus, U. and C. Smith, 2010. n-3 Omega fatty acids: A review of current knowledge. Int. J. Food Tech., 45: 417-436.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Grundy, S.M., 1986. Cholesterol and coronary heart disease. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 256: 2849-28580.

Gulati, S.K., C. May, P.C. Wynn and T.W. Scott, 2002. Milk fat enriched in n-3 fatty acids. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 98: 143-152.
Direct Link  |  

Henauw, S.D., J.V. Camp, G. Sturtewagen, C. Matthys and M. Bliau et al., 2007. Simulated changes in fatty acid intake in humans through n-3 fatty acid enrichment of foods from animal origin. J. Sci. Food Agric., 87: 200-211.
CrossRef  |  

Kris-Etherton, P.M., D.S. Taylor, S. Yu-Poth, P. Huth and K. Moriarty et al., 2000. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71: 179s-188s.
PubMed  |  

Leaf, A. and P.C. Weber, 1988. Cardiovascular effect of n-3 fatty acids. N. Engl. J. Med., 318: 549-557.
Direct Link  |  

Legrand, P., B. Schmitt, J. Mourot, D. Catheline and G. Chesneau et al., 2010. The consumption of food products from linseed-fed animals maintains erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids in obese humans. Lipids, 45: 11-19.
Direct Link  |  

Lopez-Ferrer, S., M.D. Baucells, A.C. Barroeta, J. Galobart and M.A. Grashorn, 2001. N-3 enrichment of chicken meat. 2. Use of precursors of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Linseed oil. Poult. Sci., 80: 753-761.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

May, S.G., C.A. Stordivant, D.K. Lunt, R.K. Miller and S.B. Smith, 1993. Comparison of sensory characteristics and fatty acid composition between Waygu cross-breeds and Angus steers. Meat Sci., 35: 289-298.

McNiven, M.A., J.L. Duynisveld, T. Turner and A.W. Mitchell, 2011. Ratio of n-6/n-3 in the diets of beef cattle: Effect on growth, fatty acid composition and taste of beef. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 170: 171-181.
Direct Link  |  

NRC., 1994. Nutrients Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. Edn., National Academic Press, Washington, USA., ISBN-13: 9780309596329, Pages: 156.

Park, B.S. and I.J. Yoo, 1994. Comparison of fatty acid composition among imported beef, holstein steer beef and Hanwoo beef. J. Anim. Sci., 36: 69-75.
Direct Link  |  

Renaud, S. and M.D. Longeril, 1994. Nutrition, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 34: 599-607.
PubMed  |  

SAS, 2004. SAS/STAT User's Guide: Statistics. 8th Edn., SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC., USA.

Salem, N., 1989. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Molecular and Biochemical Aspects. In: New Protective Roles for Selected Nutrients, Spiller, G.A. and J. Scala (Eds.). Alan R. Liss, New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9780845116210, pp: 127.

Simopoulos, A.P, 1991. Omeg-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 54: 438-463.
Direct Link  |  

Simopoulos, A.P, 1998. Redefining dietary recommendations and food safety. World Rev. Nutr. Diet., 83: 219-222.

Simopoulos, A.P., 2000. Symposium: Role of poultry products in enriching the human diet with n-3 PUFA, human requirement for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Poult. Sci., 79: 961-970.
Direct Link  |  

Simopoulos, A.P., 2001. N-3 fatty acids and human health: Defining strategies for public policy. Lipids, 36: S83-S89.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Simopoulos, A.P., 2002. The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomed. Pharmacother., 56: 365-379.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Simopoulos, A.P., 2002. The mediterranean diets: What is so special about the diet of Greece? The scientific evidence. J. Nutr., 131: 3065-3073.
Direct Link  |  

Simopoulos, A.P., 2004. Omega-6/Omega-3 essential fatty acid ratio and chronic diseases. Food Rev. Int., 20: 77-90.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Smith, S.B., D.K. Lunt, K.Y. Chung, C.B. Choi, R.K. Tume and M. Zembayashi, 2006. Adiposity, fatty acid composition and delta-9 desaturase activity during growth in beef cattle. Anim. Sci. J., 77: 478-486.
CrossRef  |  

Watkins, B.A., Y. Li, K.G. Allen, W.E. Hoffmann and M.F. Seifert, 2000. Dietary ratio of (n-6)/(n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids alters the fatty acid composition of bone compartments and biomarkers of bone formation in rats. J. Nutr., 130: 2274-2284.
PubMed  |  

Williams, C.D., B.M. Whitley, C. Hoyo, D.J. Grant and J.D. Iraggi et al., 2011. A high ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Nutr. Res., 31: 1-8.
CrossRef  |  

Xia, S.H., J. Wang and J.X. Kang, 2005. Decreased n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio reduces the invasive potential of human lung cancer cells by downregulation of cell adhesion/invasion-related genes. Carcinogens, 26: 779-783.
CrossRef  |