References

Abell, R., J.D. Allan and B. Lehner, 2007. Unlocking the potential of protected areas for freshwaters. Biol. Conserv., 134: 48-63.
Direct Link  |  

Appel, P.W.U. and L.D. Na-Oy, 2014. Mercury-free gold extraction using borax for small-scale gold miners. J. Environ. Prot., 5: 493-499.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Arezes, P.M. and A.S. Miguel, 2013. Assessing the use of hearing protection in industrial settings: A comparison between methods. Intl. J. Ind. Ergon., 43: 518-525.
Direct Link  |  

Barnett, K., S.W. Mercer, M. Norbury, G. Watt and S. Wyke et al., 2012. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research and medical education: A cross-sectional study. Lancet, 380: 37-43.
Direct Link  |  

Bavec, S., M. Gosar, H. Biester and H. Grcman, 2015. Geochemical investigation of mercury and other elements in urban soil of Idrija (Slovenia). J. Geochem. Explor., 154: 213-223.
Direct Link  |  

Branco, V., A.G. Santos, J. Goncalves, J. Lu and A. Holmgren et al., 2014. Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase inhibition, selenium status and Nrf-2 activation are determinant factors modulating the toxicity of Mercury compounds. Free Radical Biol. Med., 73: 95-105.
Direct Link  |  

Cao, Y., M.A. Skaug, O. Andersen and J. Aaseth, 2015. Chelation therapy in intoxications with Mercury, Lead and Copper. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 31: 188-192.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Dhal, B., H.N. Thatoi, N.N. Das and B.D. Pandey, 2013. Chemical and microbial remediation of Hexavalent Chromium from contaminated soil and mining/metallurgical solid waste: A review. J. Hazard. Mater., 250: 272-291.
Direct Link  |  

Drevnick, P.E., C.A. Cooke, D. Barraza, J.M. Blais and K.H. Coale et al., 2016. Spatiotemporal patterns of mercury accumulation in lake sediments of Western North America. Sci. Total Environ., 568: 1157-1170.
Direct Link  |  

Dutu, R., 2016. Challenges and policies in Indonesia's energy sector. Energy Policy, 98: 513-519.
Direct Link  |  

ERITAGP., 2013. [Environmental status area (SLHD)]. Gorontalo Provincial Environment, Research and Information Technology Agency, Gorontalo, Indonesia. (In Indonesian)

Everard, M. and R. McInnes, 2013. Systemic solutions for multi-benefit water and environmental management. Sci. Total Environ., 461: 170-179.
Direct Link  |  

Foucher, D., H. Hintelmann, T.A. Al and K.T. MacQuarrie, 2013. Mercury isotope fractionation in waters and sediments of the Murray Brook mine watershed (New Brunswick, Canada): Tracing mercury contamination and transformation. Chem. Geol., 336: 87-95.
CrossRef  |  

Frank, P.M., 1996. Analytical and qualitative model-based fault diagnosis: A survey and some new results. Eur. J. Control, 2: 6-28.
Direct Link  |  

GGP., 2008. [Supervision of the implementation of the gold mining activities without permission (illegal) in Gorontalo]. Pemerintah Provinsi Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia. (In Indonesian)

Garcia, O., M.M. Veiga, P. Cordy, O.E. Suescun and J.M. Molina et al., 2015. Artisanal gold mining in Antioquia, Colombia: A successful case of mercury reduction. J. Cleaner Prod., 90: 244-252.
Direct Link  |  

Inswiarsi and H. Kusnoputranto, 2011. [Hg exposure in traditional gold miners in Gunung Mas, Central Kalimantan (In Indonesia)]. J. Health Ecol., Vol. 10,

Junita, N.R., 2013. [Risk of poisoning Mercury (Hg) on gold miners workers without permission (illegal) in cisarua village nanggung bogor regency]. Ph.D Thesis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Khamis, K., D.M. Hannah, M.H. Clarvis, L.E. Brown and E. Castella et al., 2014. Alpine aquatic ecosystem conservation policy in a changing climate. Environ. Sci. Policy, 43: 39-55.
Direct Link  |  

Khan, N.A., Z. Hasan and S.H. Jhung, 2013. Adsorptive removal of hazardous materials using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): A review. J. Hazardous Mater., 244-245: 444-456.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kiefer, A.M., K. Drace, S. Gottlieb, S. Coursey and M.M. Veiga et al., 2014. Evaluation of Mercury content in amalgams from Munhena mine, Mozambique. J. Cleaner Prod., 84: 783-785.
Direct Link  |  

Li, P., B. Du, H.M. Chan and X. Feng, 2015. Human inorganic mercury exposure, renal effects and possible pathways in Wanshan Mercury mining area, China. Environ. Res., 140: 198-204.
Direct Link  |  

Li, Z. Z. Ma, T.J. van der Kuijp, Z. Yuan and L. Huang, 2014. A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China: Pollution and health risk assessment. Sci. Total Environ., 468-469: 843-853.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

MacDonald, T.C., S. Nehzati, N.J. Sylvian, A.K. James and A.K. Korbas et al., 2015. Phenylthiourea alters toxicity of Mercury compounds in zebrafish larvae. J. Inorganic Biochemistry, 151: 10-17.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Male, Y.T., B.A.J. Reichelt, M. Pocock and A. Nanlohy, 2013. Recent mercury contamination from artisanal gold mining on Buru Island, Indonesia potential future risks to environmental health and food safety. Marine Pollut. Bull., 77: 428-433.
Direct Link  |  

Martinez, R.F., I. Rucandio, I. Pinilla, F. Borlal and F. Garcia et al., 2015. Evaluation of different digestion systems for determination of trace Mercury in Seaweeds by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J. Food Compos. Anal., 38: 7-12.
Direct Link  |  

Ngoye, E. and J.F. Machiwa, 2004. The influence of land-use patterns in the Ruvu river watershed on water quality in the river system. Phys. Chem. Earth Parts A. B. C., 29: 1161-1166.
Direct Link  |  

Notoatmodjo, S., 2010. [Health Research Methodology]. Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, Indonesia, ISBN:9789795189848, Pages: 216 (In Indonesian).

Parsons, M.B. and J.B. Percival, 2005. A Brief History of Mercury and its Environmental Impact. In: Mercury: Sources, Measurements, Cycles and Effects, Parsons, M.B. and J.B. Percival (Eds.). MIneralogical Association of Canada, Quebec, Canada, ISBN:9780921294344, pp: 1-20.

Riaz, A., S. Khan, M.T. Shah, G. Li and N. Gul et al., 2016. Mercury contamination in the blood, urine, hair and nails of the gold washers and its human health risk during extraction of placer gold along Gilgit, Hunza and Indus rivers in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Environ. Technol. Innov., 5: 22-29.
Direct Link  |  

Rose, C.H., S. Ghosh, J.D. Blum and B.A. Bergquist, 2015. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on mercury isotope fractionation during photo-reduction for inorganic and organic mercury species. Chem. Geol., 45: 102-111.
Direct Link  |  

Rumayor, M., M.D. Somoano, M.A.L.Anton and M.R.M. Tarazona, 2013. Mercury compounds characterization by thermal desorption. Talanta, 114: 318-322.
Direct Link  |  

Solenkova, N.V., J.D. Newman, J.S. Berger, G. Thurston and J.S. Hochman et al., 2014. Metal pollutants and cardiovascular disease: Mechanisms and consequences of exposure. Am. Heart J., 168: 812-822.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Sugiyono, 2008. [Quantitative Research Methods Qualitative and R and D]. Alfa Beta, Bandung, Indonesia, (In Indonesian).

Sun, G., Z. Li, X. Bi, Y. Chen and S. Lu et al., 2013. Distribution, sources and health risk assessment of Mercury in kindergarten dust. Atmos. Environ., 73: 169-176.
Direct Link  |  

Topp, L., B. Barker and L. Degenhardt, 2004. The external validity of results derived from ecstasy users recruited using purposive sampling strategies. Drug Alcohol Dependence, 73: 33-40.
Direct Link  |  

Veiga, M.M., G. Angeloci, M. Hitch and P.C.V. Lopez, 2014. Processing centres in artisanal gold mining. J. Cleaner Prod., 64: 535-544.
Direct Link  |  

Veiga, M.M., G. Angeloci, W. Niquen and J. Seccatore, 2015. Reducing mercury pollution by training Peruvian artisanal gold miners. J. Cleaner Prod., 94: 268-277.
Direct Link  |  

Veiga, M.M., S.G. Angeloci and J.A. Meech, 2014. Review of barriers to reduce mercury use in artisanal gold mining. Extr. Ind. Soc., 1: 351-361.
Direct Link  |  

Villalba, I.M., M. Lacasana, M.R. Barranco, A.F. Hernandez and B.G. Alzaga et al., 2015. Biomonitoring of arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury in urine and hair of children living near mining and industrial areas. Chemosphere, 124: 83-91.
Direct Link  |  

Wardiyatun, S. and E. Hartini, 2009. [Factors associated with the mercury levels in urine at the gold mine workers in Rengas Village seven Tumbles Titi District of Ketapang in West Kalimantan (In Indonesian)]. J. Viseques, 8: 1-11.
Direct Link  |  

Widianarko, B., C.A.M. Van Gestel, R.A. Verweij and N.M. Van Straalen, 2000. Associations between trace metals in sediment, water and guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Peters), from urban streams of Semarang, Indonesia. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 46: 101-107.
Direct Link  |