References

Abdoli, A., 1990. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Natural and Wild Life Museum of Iran, Tehran, pp: 198–200.

Burr, G., M. Hume, W.H. Neill and D.M Gatlin, 2008. Effects of prebiotics on nutrient digestibility of a soybean-meal-based diet by red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus). Aquacult. Res., 39: 1680-1686.
CrossRef  |  

Dimitroglou, A., D.L. Merrifield, P. Spring, J. Sweetman, R. Moate and S.J. Davies, 2010. Effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on growth performance, feed utilisation, intestinal histology and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture, 300: 182-188.
Direct Link  |  

Fuller, R., 1992. History and Development of Probiotics. In: Probiotics: The Scientific Basis, Fuller, R. (Ed.). Chapman and Hall Publishers, London, pp: 1-8.

Genc, M.A., E. Yilmaz, E. Genc, E. Genc and M. Aktas, 2007. Effects of dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, body composition and intestine and liver histology of the hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Israeli J. Aquacult., 59: 10-16.
Direct Link  |  

Gibson, G.R. and M.B. Roberfroid, 1995. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr., 125: 1401-1412.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Grisdale-Helland, B., S.J. Helland and D.M. Gatlin III, 2008. The effects of dietary supplementation with mannanoligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide or galactooligosaccharide on the growth and feed utilization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture, 283: 163-167.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Haghighi, D.T., 2006. Embryonic development and nutritional requirements of kutum fry, Rutilus frisii kutum. Ph.D. Thesis, Putra University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Klaenhammer, T.R. and M.J. Kullen, 1999. Selection and design of probiotics. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 50: 45-57.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Moriarty, D.J.W., 1998. Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture, 164: 351-358.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Neverian, H.A., S. Mostafazadeh and M.H. Toloie, 2005. A study on various protein levels on growth indices (SR, WG, RGR, FCR and PER) of Rutilus fridsii kutum, Kamenskii 1901(Advanced fry). Pajouhesh. Sazandegi., 18: 61-68.

Nodeh, A.J., 2010. The effect of the commertial prebiotic Immunogen on growth performance, survivel, blood indices and intestinal bacterial changes of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. M.Sc. Thesis, Gorgan University.

Olsen, R.E., R. Myklebust, H. Kryvi, T.M. Mayhew and E. Ringo, 2001. Damaging effect of dietary inulin on intestinal enterocytes in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Aquacult. Res., 32: 931-934.
CrossRef  |  

Ringo, E. and F.J. Gatesoupe, 1998. Lactic acid bacteria in fish: A review. Aquaculture, 160: 177-203.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Robertsen, B., R.E. Engstad and J.B. Jorgensen, 1994. β-Glucans as Immunostimulators in Fish. In: Modulators of Fish Immune Responses, Stolen, J.S. and T.C. Fletcher (Eds.). Vol. I, SOS Publications, Fair Haven, Vermont, pp: 83-99.

Salehi, H., 2008. Benefit-cost analysis for fingerling production of kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamenskii, 1901), in 2005 in Iran. Aquacult. Asia Mag., 9: 35-39.

Salze, G., E. McLean, M.H. Schwarz and S.R. Craig, 2008. Dietary mannan oligosaccharide enhances salinity tolerance and gut development of larval cobia. Aquaculture, 274: 148-152.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Santarem, M., B. Novoa and A. Figueras, 1997. Effects of beta-glucans on the non-specific immune responses of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 7: 429-437.
Direct Link  |  

Staykov, Y., P. Spring, S. Denev and J. Sweetman, 2007. Effect of a mannan oligosaccharide on the growth performance and immune status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacult. Int., 15: 153-161.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Torrecillas, S., A. Makol, M.J. Caballero, D. Montero and L. Robaina et al., 2007. Immune stimulation and improved infection resistance in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed mannan oligosaccharides. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 23: 969-981.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Verschuere, L., G. Rombaut, P. Sorgeloos and W. Verstraete, 2000. Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 64: 655-671.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |