References

Arun, S., R. Heeks and S. Morgan, 2004. ICT initiatives, women and work in developing countries: Reinforcing or changing gender inequalities in South India? Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.

Bailey, A. and O. Ngwenyama, 2013. Toward entrepreneurial behavior in underserved communities: An ethnographic decision tree model of telecenter usage. Inform. Technol. Dev., 19: 230-248.
CrossRef  |  

Bakesha, S., A. Nafakeero and D. Okello, 2009. ICTs as Agents of Change: A Case of Grass-roots Women Entrepreneurs in Uganda. In: African Women and ICTs: Creating New Spaces with Technology, Buskens I. and A. Webb (Eds.). IDRC, Ottawa, Canada, pp: 143-153.

Baro, E.E. and B.E.C. Endouware, 2013. The effects of mobile phone on the socio-economic life of the rural dwellers in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Inform. Technol. Dev., 19: 249-263.
CrossRef  |  

Bertolini, R., 2002. Telecommunication Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Analysis of Access and Use in the Southern Volta Region in Ghana. Peter Lang Publishing Inc., Bern, Switzerland, ISBN-13: 9780820454986, Pages: 186.

Braun, V. and V. Clarke, 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol., 3: 77-101.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Chapman, R. and T. Slaymaker, 2002. ICTs and rural development: Review of the literature, current interventions and opportunities for action. Working Paper No. 192, Overseas Development Institute, UK.

Chilimo, W.L. and P. Ngulube, 2011. Role of information and communication technologies in sustainable livelihoods in selected rural areas of Tanzania. Afr. J. Library Arch. Inform. Sci., 21: 145-157.
Direct Link  |  

Chilimo, W.L., 2008. Information and communication technologies and sustainable livelihoods: A case study of selected rural areas of Tanzania. Ph.D. Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Chilimo, W.L., P. Ngulube and C. Stilwell, 2011. Information seeking patterns and telecentre operations: A case of selected rural communities in Tanzania. Libri, 61: 37-49.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cook, D.J., N.L. Greengold, A.G. Ellrodt and S.R. Weingarten, 1997. The relation between systematic reviews and practice guidelines. Ann. Internal Med., 127: 210-216.
CrossRef  |  

DFID., 1999. Sustainable livelihood guidance sheets. Department for International Development (DFID), London, UK.

De Silva, H. and A. Zainudeen, 2007. Teleuse on a shoestring: Poverty reduction through telecom access at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Proceedings of the Centre for Poverty Analysis Annual Symposium on Poverty Research, December 6-7, 2007, Colombo, Sri Lanka -.

Donner, J., 2008. Research approaches to mobile use in the developing world: A review of the literature. Inform. Soc., 24: 140-159.
CrossRef  |  

Duncombe, R., 2007. Using the livelihoods framework to analyze ICT applications for poverty reduction through microenterprise. Inform. Technol. Int. Dev., 3: 81-100.
Direct Link  |  

Field, J., 2003. Social Capital. Routledge, New York, ISBN-13: 9780415257541, Pages: 165.

Gigler, B.S., 2004. Including the Excluded-Can ICTs empower poor communities? Towards an alternative evaluation framework based on the capability approach. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on the Capability Approach, Volume 5, September 5-7, 2004, Pavia, Italy, pp: 1-48.

Gordon, J., 2007. The mobile phone and the public sphere: Mobile phone usage in three critical situations. Convergence, 13: 307-319.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Grootaert, C., R. Kanbur and G.T. Oh, 1995. The dynamics of poverty: Why some people escape from poverty and others don't: An African case study. Policy Research Working Paper, Report No. WPS1499, World Bank, Washington, DC., USA.

Heeks, R. and S. Arun, 2010. Social outsourcing as a development tool: The impact of outsourcing IT services to women's social enterprises in Kerala. J. Int. Dev., 22: 441-454.
CrossRef  |  

Idowu, B., E. Ogunbodede and B. Idowu, 2003. Information and communication technology in Nigeria the health sector experience. J. Inform. Technol. Impact, 3: 69-76.
Direct Link  |  

Kintu, F., D. Obot and L. Elder, 2005. The Uganda Knowledge and Information Society: Early Lessons from ICT Projects. In: At the Crossroads: ICT Policy Making in East Africa, Etta, F. and L. Elder (Eds.). IDRC, Canada.

Krishna, A., 2013. Active Social Capital: Tracing the Roots of Development and Democracy. Columbia University Press, New York, ISBN: 9780231500821, Pages: 192.

Lwoga, E.T., 2010. Bridging the agricultural knowledge and information divide: The case of selected telecenters and rural radio in Tanzania. Electron. J. Inform. Syst. Dev. Countries, 43: 1-14.

Makoza, F. and W. Chigona, 2012. The livelihood outcomes of ICT use in microenterprises: The case of south Africa. Electron. J. Inform. Syst. Dev. Countries, 53: 1-16.
Direct Link  |  

Makoza, F., 2011. The Impact of ICT Use on Livelihoods of Microenterprises: Case of South Africa. University of Cape Town, USA., Pages: 196.

Martin, B.L. and E. Abbott, 2011. Mobile phones and rural livelihoods: Diffusion, uses and perceived impacts among farmers in Rural Uganda. Inform. Technol. Int. Dev., 7: 17-34.
Direct Link  |  

McNamara, K., 2008. Enhancing the livelihoods of the rural poor through ICT: A knowledge map. InfoDev Working Paper No. 9. http://www.infodev.org/articles/enhancing-rural-livelihoods-poor-knowledge-map.

McNamara, K.S., 2003. Information and communication technologies, poverty and development: Learning from experience. Information for Development Program, Washington DC.

Molla, A. and S. Al-Jaghoub, 2007. Evaluating digital inclusion projects: A livelihood approach. Int. J. Knowl. Learn., 3: 592-611.
Direct Link  |  

Morawczynski, O., 2009. Exploring the usage and impact of transformational mobile financial services: The case of M-PESA in Kenya. J. Eastern Afr. Stud., 3: 509-525.
CrossRef  |  

Mulrow, C.D., 1994. Rationale for systematic reviews. Br. Med. J., 309: 597-599.
Direct Link  |  

Naivinit, S., 2009. Gender, access to community telecenter and livelihood asset changes. J. Inform. Commun. Ethics Soc., 7: 128-135.
CrossRef  |  

Nie, F., L. Zhang and C. Qu, 2010. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework to analyze ICT applications for promotion of agricultural livelihoods of rural community in China. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/41742.

Ochonogor, W.C., 2006. Effects of Telecommunications Services on Rural Women Market Traders in Obiaruku and its Environs. In: Mobile Telephony: Leveraging Strengths and Opportunities for Socio-Economic Transformation in Nigeria, Charles-Iyoha, C. (Ed.). Ezcell Communications, Lagos, pp: 101-112.

Odame, H.H., 2003. Connecting the two stations of agricultural research and rural radio. J. Dev. Commun., 23: 116-132.

Orlikowski, W. and C.S. Icono, 2001. Research commentary: Desperately seeking the IT in IT research-A call to theorizing the IT artefact. Inform. Syst. Res., 12: 121-134.
Direct Link  |  

Parkinson, S. and A.C. Lauzon, 2008. The impact of the internet on local social equity: A study of a telecenter in aguablanca, colombia. Inform. Technol. Int. Dev., 4: 21-38.
CrossRef  |  

Parkinson, S. and R. Ramirez, 2007. Using a sustainable livelihoods approach to assessing the impact of ICTs in development. J. Commun. Inform., 2: 116-127.
Direct Link  |  

Prahalad, C.K. and A. Hammond, 2002. Serving the world's poor, profitably. Harvard Bus. Rev., 80: 48-59.
Direct Link  |  

Putnam, R.D., 2001. Bowling Alone. Simon and Schuster, New York, ISBN: 9780743219037, Pages: 544.

Qureshi, S., 2013. Information and communication technologies in the midst of global change: How do we know when development takes place? Inform. Technol. Dev., 19: 189-192.
CrossRef  |  

Rashid, A.T., 2011. A qualitative exploration of mobile phone use by non-owners in urban Bangladesh. Contemporary South Asia, 19: 395-408.
CrossRef  |  

Saebo, O. and D. Thapa, 2012. Introducing internet-based services in the mountain areas of Nepal: An asset pentagon perspective. Inform. Technol. Int. Dev., 8: 85-98.
Direct Link  |  

Sebba, J., 2004. Developing an Evidence-Based Approach to Policy and Practice in Education. In: Evidence Based Practice in Education, Thomas, G. and R. Pring (Eds.). OUP/McGraw-Hill, Maidenhead.

Sey, A., 2011. We use it different, different: Making sense of trends in mobile phone use in Ghana. New Media Soc., 13: 375-390.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Sife, A.S., E. Kiondo and J.G. Lyimo-Macha, 2010. Contribution of mobile phones to rural livelihoods and poverty reduction in Morogoro region, Tanzania. Electron. J. Inform. Syst. Dev. Countries, 42: 1-15.

Singh, M., A. Molla and J. Sargent, 2008. Exploring the impact of government ICT initiatives on the livelihood of Australian rural communities. Proceedings of the 21st Bled eConference. eCollaboration: Overcoming Boundaries Through Multi-Channel Interaction, June 15-18, 2008, Hotel Golf, Bled -.

Soriano, C.R.R., 2007. Exploring the ICT and rural poverty reduction link: Community telecenters and rural livelihoods in Wu'an, China. Electron. J. Inform. Syst. Dev. Countries, 32: 1-15.
Direct Link  |  

Souter, D., C. Garforth, R. Jain, O. Mascarenhas, K. McKerney and N. Scott, 2005. The economic impact of telecommunications on rural livelihoods and poverty reduction: A study of rural communities in India (Gujarat), Mozambique and Tanzania. Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation for UK Department for International Development, London, UK.

Terry, A. and R. Gomez, 2010. Gender and public access computing: An international perspective. Electron. J. Inform. Syst. Dev. Countries, 43: 1-17.

Thapa, D., M.K. Sein and O. Saebo, 2012. Building collective capabilities through ICT in a mountain region of Nepal: Where social capital leads to collective action. Inform. Technol. Dev., 18: 5-22.
CrossRef  |  

Umar, J., 2006. Mobile Telephony and Sustainable Livelihoods for Rural Women in Nigeria. In: Mobile Telephony: Leveraging Strengths and Opportunities for Socio-Economic Transformation in Nigeria, Iyoha, C.C. (Ed.). Ezcell Communications, Lagos, pp: 41-52.

Van Rooyen, C., R. Stewart and T. de Wet, 2012. The impact of microfinance in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of the evidence. World Dev., 40: 2249-2262.
CrossRef  |  

Wilson, J., 2000. Methodology and moral education. Oxford Rev. Educ., 26: 255-262.
CrossRef  |  

Woolcock, M., 2001. The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. Can. J. Policy Res., 2: 11-17.

Zaremohzzabieh, Z., B.A. Samah, S.Z. Omar, J. Bolong and H.A.M. Shaffril, 2014. Youths' sustainable livelihood with information and communication technologies: Toward an ICT for development quality model. Am. J. Applied Sci., 11: 947-958.

Zossou, E., D.S. Vodouhe, P. van Mele and P. Lebailly, 2012. Linking farmers' access to rural radio, gender and livelihoods: Case study of rice processors in Benin. Proceedings of the 3rd IAALD Africa Chapter Conference, May 21-23, 2012, Johannesburg, South Africa -.