Abstract: This study explored the Benin agricultural productivity and profitability under occurred reform since 1961-2008. Productivity and profitability has been evaluated using the new approach developed by O’Donnell. In the approach, productivity is obtainained using Hick Moorsteen Index decomposition into technical change, mix efficiency change and scale efficiency change while profitability is obtain using productivity and term of trade product. To achieved the purpose of this study, agricultural output-input quantity and prices data have been collected from FAO stat, Benin Country FAO stata and Benin National Agricultural Institute Database during the period 1961-2008. All data are computing using the DPIN software developed by O’Donnell. It is found that since the country national independency in 1961, Benin agriculture productivity has decreased. The decreased has been more significant after the sector liberalization while the term of trade has been much improved and profitability increased. This situation explains that after the liberalization, competiveness has decreased and monopolization increased. It can be conclude that most private stakeholder involve in the sector during post liberalization has earn more profit than invest to contribute at the sector productivity growth. The study indentify that the country does not improved agricultural productivity after the sector liberalization in opposite to the normal figure that liberalization will stimulate technology transfer and development which will improve productivity. The situation will then highlight policies maker to identify news strategy which can help to optimize the production and agriculture resources efficiency.