Abstract: Stroke, positioning in the third place of the most fatal diseases produces instabilities and profound socio-economical as well as psychological problems for both individuals and society. These problems are intensified in recurrent stroke. Regarding the lack of relevant study on such a crucial field we carried out a research to find out of stroke recurrence and mortality and scrutinize the relevant risk factors. According to the previous reports the overall 17% rate of recurrence in stroke with the p = 17%, q = o.83, z = 1.96’ we selected 300 patients (34-85 yr. old) who had been admitted in the neurology ward of Razi hospital for their first stroke (proven stroke) and after discharge of them they followed up monthly for 5 years over a period of 60 months from March 2000 to March 2005. Selection was randomly (simple randomized sampling) (150 ischemic and 150 hemorrhagic cases). In the cases that new signs or symptoms in favor of a new attack were detected and If clinically warranted brain CTscan or MRI were used for paraclinically approve the recurrence of stroke. The cumulative risk of occurrence among selected cases encompassing 56% male and 44% female was 32% to which males and females contributed 12 and 20%, respectively (67.5% female vs. 32.5% male, p-value=0.00). For initial stroke HTN (78%), smoking (43%) and HLP (26%) were the most probable risk factors attributable to the event. In recurrent stroke HTN (28%), HLP (11%), smoking (9%) and IHD (9%) were the most important factors. Mean time of the recurrence after the initial stroke was 5.3+/-3.4 months. 21% of the patients with positive ischemic heart disease developed ischemic stroke (95% ischemic stroke, 5% hemorrhagic stroke, p-value = 0.05). Because of the fact that the mortality rates and disabilities with recurrent stroke are usually more vigorous than initial events, secondary prevention of stroke must be considered seriously. This study highlights the importance of strict hypertension, ischemic heart disease and hyperlipidemia control and cease of smoking.