Abstract: Modern medicine has succeeded in treating many diseases, some of which like thyroid disease, require surgical or medical intervention or both. To reach a solution, you need to know the problem. The current study aimed to identify thyroidectomy profiles of patients with thyroid diseases who were admitted to King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Researchers used a retrospective method to identify 353 patients who were admitted to the hospital between 2003 and 2011. Most of the patients were classified as euthyroid and had no clinical manifestations, except for a neck mass. About 60% of the cases were benign. More than two thirds of the patients with thyroid disease underwent thyroid surgery. Forty four underwent total thyroidectomy and 28 underwent both subtotal thyroidectomy and hemi-thyroidectomy. The most common indication for surgery was suspicion of malignancy, followed by compression symptoms and cosmetic reasons. Around 30% of the patients received postoperative radioiodine treatment. About 62% of the patients experienced complications following the surgery. These included hematoma, infection, hypocalcemia, stridor/hoarseness and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Female gender and older age were risk factors with females in the fourth decade at greatest risk. The results should aid the management of patients with thyroid diseases and raise general awareness.