INTRODUCTION
Sport has the biggest role to create healthy society at the present time. In
addition when we search the importance of sport in world economy we will understand
that how the sport is in the life and how it affect the life quality in every
aspect (Smith and Stewart, 2010; Abrahamsen
et al., 2007).
Directing the crowd to sport is a result of countries common sport policy.
Widespread sport programmes serve to specialized sport not only with its functions
which evaluates society health, increasing the life quality giving attention
to leisure time but also with the condition of growing expert sportives and
discovering their talent and bring into the open. World countries created an
expert sportives source with their widespread sport policy. The importance of
ability choice will be understood when the studies abour the subject are analyzed.
To get high performance and great success in a sport branch, it is neccessary
that either genetic or acquised talent and aptness of individual or persons
who intesested in relative sport branche should be suitable and practicable.
For this reason ability choice and development is the most important point which
affetcs the performance (Adriaanse and Crosswhite, 2008;
Bortoli et al., 2009; De
Bruin et al., 2009; Foll et al., 2008;
Gillet et al., 2009).
Ability choice and determining come about in two stage. While in first stage
it is determined that aptness of child or young to sport and their ability with
evaluating common rates and datums in second stage private aptness and abilties
of that person for foreseen sport branch are determined with the test which
determines the ability and is special to every sport branch. All qualities and
features which will be tested should be true and obvious because tests and their
datums which will be used in ability choice, the age to start training, planning
of training, capacities of assumptions and it will be a support for the decisions
which is in wide forwarding and management (Andrews, 2003;
Assor et al., 2009; Beauchamp
et al., 2005; Dixon, 2009; Kuczka
and Treasure, 2005). International sport successes help to gain prestige
for presentation of their country and it will be an area in which either politic
or economic positive improvements are carried out many country, understood the
importance of this in vested a huge fund and today they enjoy their international
successes as a result of investment. The most important factor for these successes
is studing cleanly and systematically with basic facilities, foundation, trainer
and technology to choose and direct the students to suitable sport branch in
the most suitable age. It is understood whether the student is convenient or
not during training because learnig the movements of people and practicing them
is the basis of humanity. Trainers who want to choose the most convenient individuals
should start the job by preparing a training pragramme to which many children
can attend (Bennis and Pachur, 2006; Berrett
and Slack, 2001; Blanchard et al., 2008;
Constantini et al., 2005; Davids
et al., 1991).
According to this it can be said that trainnig manages the procedure of gaining
young sportives and and helps to know their potential. So, attending to training
regularly is the mos important external condition to determine the convenience
of sportives. This theoretic suggestion does not determine the convenience in
any branch, determinative datum factor can be understood before without training
this is more effective than physical features (Slutzky and
Simpkins, 2009; Casper et al., 2007; Eysenck
et al., 1982; Ferkins et al., 2005).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Getting datums in searchment is in the source scanning model. In this study,
tests which were used to find the abilities of sportives were evaluated according
to speed, balance, quickness, muscular endurance, flexibility features (Chirivella
and Martinez, 1994; Coates and Humphreys, 2003;
Fraser-Thomas et al., 2008; French
and Nevett, 1993).
Ability: In english talent, ability is a term that in Turksih it can be described as capability, potantial of ability.
Talented: It is directed to a certain direction, above normal rate measurement but stil not matured totally and it expresses the familiarity to improvement.
Sportive ability: It includes the individuals who has private or top level convenience for sportives output for the reason of genetic or acquired behavioral conditions. Common physical education ability is versatile. Physical mental and social factors appear obviously by itself for the persons who has enough physical performance. There are three abilities in sport.
General motoric ability: It can be explained as childrens movement learning easily, quickly, safely and having a huge movement repertory.
General sport ability: This kind of ability includes childrens leraning sport skills easily, quickly and safely. It is a sign that the advantage in child’s having a wide movement repartory when compared with his or her coequal.
Ability special to sport tpye: This ability includes the ability of having physical and psychological features which are necessary for showing a great performance in a certain sport branche.
It can be said that motoric ability consists of two parts when we think general sport. The first component is potential power which is instinctive and determined as genetic.
It is called as Motoric Capacity in sport. McCloy think these 4 elements as
the sign of motoric capacity; physical development, motoric learning, power,
agility and coordination. The second component is the part which changes in
time with education and training (Funk et al., 2000;
Bengoechea and Strean, 2007; Linver
et al., 2009; Logan et al., 1984;
Helsen and Pauwels, 1993; Holt et
al., 2009).
The aim of ability choice:
| • |
Preparing an ambient in which conscious and purposive training
will be organized and aptness to sport and talented sportives will be chosen |
| • |
Determining childrens and youngs abilities and aptness to
a sport branch in that sport branche’s training as common and private |
| • |
Choosing and knowing the most talented sportive for that sport
branche |
| • |
For more distinguished sportives making the coach pass his
time with persons who has great and nature talent |
Using the ability choice in sportive choice has some advantages like the decreasement
of time which is necessary to reach great output as general making the need
of more research, energy and huge ability disappeared from the standpoint of
coach (Doan et al., 2000; Duda,
1985; Duda and Ntoumanis, 2003; Getty,
2006; Zuckerman and Stelmack, 2004; Goudas
and Giannoudis, 2008).
Benefits of ability choice applications: Some advantages which are the
result of time for ability determining can be described as in this way (Dweck,
2002; Edwards and Finger, 2007; Eime
and Payne, 2009; Erpic et al., 2004; Findlay
and Coplan, 2008):
| • |
The neccessary time to reach great output by choosing the
gifted sportives for a certain spor or sport branch decreases as general |
| • |
Makes the need of more work, energy and huge ability disappeared
from the standpoint of coach |
| • |
The effectiveness of coach for training develops by training
especially with sportives who has great talent |
| • |
It makes the number of sportives increased who can compete
and has the aim of huge output. As a result a national team is created which
includes sportives who are more powerful and familiar to each other |
| • |
It makes the sportives feel sure of himself because it is
known that it is more effective when the output development of person compared
with sportives who are coequal and are not included to election period |
| • |
It makes applications of scientific training more easier.
Because it can be ensured that scientist who are the leaders of determining
ability can observe the training of sportives |
| • |
This information motivates the sportives |
| • |
Childrens are satisfied when they are chosen for the branch
which is suitable to physical and psychological features of them |
| • |
After the carier of talented sportives was over the number
of qulaified coach can be increased in that area by giving professional
education |
First conditions for ability choice: Choice and orientation of ability
is important for sport which is for great performance. There is no need just
like an arientation in recreative sport sensibility different first conditions
are needed in ability choice (Funk and Pritchard, 2006;
Gano-Overway et al., 2009; Mabe
and West, 1982; Magyar and Feltz, 2003; Garcia,
2001).
Anthropometric first conditions: Sportive’s features like length, weight, body structure, the center of body wieght etc.
Physical fitness first conditions: Sportive’s features like normal and private endurance static and dynamic power, speed, ability and mobility.
Techno-motoric features: Sportive’s features like balance ability, place destination and tempo feeling, aptness to ball, rhythmic and fluentness.
Education ability: Sportive’s features like perception, observation and analysis.
Mental ability: Features like attention motoric fluentness (sensibility of game), creative, admiration ability.
Social factors: Features like leadership having responsibility, team sensibility.
Psychologic first conditions: Being ready to contest, holding on stres, wishes for overcoming obstacles.
First conditions for performance: Sportive’s features like endurance to obstacles, willings for train, desire for success.
Ability chocie species: Ability choice is examined in two groups: natural choice and scientific choice.
Natural cohice: A normal approach is known as the natural way to make
a sportive develop. It is observed that sportives direct to a sport as a result
of their local effects (school traditions, wishes and desires or appraoches
of family). Development of output which is a result of natural choice way is
based on whether the person attend to a branch which was chosen randomly and
the person is talented or not. For this reason person’s output development
works too slowly because of ideal sport choice is wrong (Greenlees
et al., 2007; Harner and Lo, 2009; Hayen
et al., 2007; Keegan et al., 2009).
Scientific choice: Trainer evaluates the youngs who are accepted as
gifted in a sport and presents a future by this method. For this reason the
time which is needed to get big success for the person who were chosen by scientific
way is more shorter when compared with the persons who were chosen by natural
way. Scientific choice way shuold be ensurely taken into account in sports for
which features like length or weight is a necessity for example; basketball,
voleyball, football, rowing, jumping branches etc. In the same way speed, reaction
time, equal unison and sport branches in which power is dominant (for example;
sprint, judo, hockey and jumps in athleticism etc.). These kind of features
can be scanned by the leadership of sport scientists. As a result of scientific
test the most talented sportives are chosen as scientific or they are directed
to a suitable sport (Kellett and Hede, 2008;
Kendall et al., 2010; Kibele, 2006; Lechner,
2009; Lindner and Kerr, 2001).
This application is an organization to discover the childrens who have good
features in the way of body, psychological, physical and are to be directed
by sistymatic studies in different branches of sport. The aim of this study
is to discover the sportive candidates present potential opportunity to predict
the development of their some dominant ability and features for the sport they
will do to create first conditions. This happens during work unision between
dominant ability in some genetic way and environment effect. For this reason
sport experts studies were determined according to what kind of a choice they
will do mostly during first preparation. It means authority of education, training
method, content and organization which take place in raising great sportives
have a limit. In addition, it is necessary that some biological features which
are conditions to get top sport as fastly and qualified should be present and
known by the sport expert (Hugill et al., 2009;
Inoue, 2007; Jacobs and Eccles, 2000;
Jones and Cunningham, 2008; Joseph,
2006; Manning and Taylor, 2001; Margas
et al., 2006).
Steps for ability determination: By the way of making the children start
to do sport in which children interested at sport’s first age as long as
possible by applying first choice ability test with health evaluation, sending
to cure by electing constraints, application of varieted education programme
as suitable to child’s age for a year (Smith and Stewart,
2010; Abrahamsen et al., 2007; Martin,
2008; McCarthy et al., 2008; Nicholls,
1984).
Application of first choice ability tests with medical and biologcal evaluation
in second year. Collection of sportives who are successful in to a group, others
who are suitable by the way of health but successful in lower grade in to a
second group. Sending the persons who have health constraints to suitable cure
for his condition. Application of education programme which is suitable to their
grade for two groups in 3rd year. Application of last choice ability tests with
medical and biological evaluation in 4th year. Direction to branch certainly.
Then period of training special to branche starts. Last choice can be 3 years
according to features of sport branche. The more often applications of periodic
cure and test the more information can be gotten (Duda and
Ntoumanis, 2003; French and Nevett 1993; Magyar
and Feltz, 2003; Manning and Taylor, 2001; Nichols
et al., 1991; Nicholls et al., 1989).
Features of talented sportives: The most important problem which will
occur in ability choice is creating a first diaognosis while determining which
sportive is talented. in spite of this kind of obstacles, present talented sportives
are used as criterion to determine the ability and some of their features are
examined. Informations which are below are the most valid criterions when we
think it in extent of fast data transfer which is a result of some searchment
(Ntoumanis and Biddle, 1998; Papaioannou
et al., 2008; Park et al., 2007; Plessner
and Haar, 2006).
When a talented sportive is examined in this way, it distinguish from less
talented sportive with these features (Casper et al.,
2007; Funk and Pritchard, 2006; Podlog
and Eklund, 2007; Pratorius and Milani, 2006).
| • |
He or she can be more successful in training |
| • |
He or she gets great success in training stimulants whose
extent and greatness are same |
| • |
He or she adapts to new stimulants which are given in training |
| • |
He or she improves his or her experiences which were gained
in past creatively and applies for new stiations |
| • |
He or she overcomes seven some hard duties successfully and
solves the problems as originally |
| • |
Gradually improvement in performance is a typical features
of her or him |
| • |
A talented sportive devote himself or herself to sport and
is hardworking and ambitious and studies as systematically |
| • |
He or she can do true evaluation even under pressure |
| • |
He or she has no fear about risk |
| • |
He or she does not lose his or her power in spite of failures.
He or she can form it as an excuse for motivation |
When every features of an ability is examined their integrity does not change,
they are chosen concept to explain thoroughly every ability concept. Weight
point of structure which is a result of these concepts has difference acoording
sport branche (Rodriguez et al., 2009; Sam
et al., 2005; Schantz and Conroy, 2009; Sit
and Linder, 2005).
Scannig activities of ability choice in infrastructure
Investigation activities in region: Summer school activities, periodic wide
ettended selections which was carried out with special announcement, watching
local matches, watching school match and scannig of local school (Skinner
et al., 2008; Smith, 2003; Sorensen,
1976).
Investigation activities outside of region: Watching small boys and
youngs group elections, semi-finals and final, watching primary, secondary and
high school group election, semi finals and final. Finding talented sportive
with the help of trainer and sport lecturer in different cities and a good searching
and scanning in migratory region (Andrews, 2003; Spray
et al., 2006; Stracciolini et al., 2007).
The persons who take responsibility to educate the ability
Expectations from trainer: A successful trainer is a trainer who invests
for students benefits than anxiety of defeat or win. What this trainers should
do (Lindner and Kerr, 2001; Manning
and Taylor, 2001; Margas et al., 2006; Taylor
and McGraw, 2006; Tofler and Butterbaugh, 2005).
| • |
They sholud be logical for childrens and youngs time, energy
and desire if they have a wish |
| • |
They should not shout and humiliate when they made mistake
or lost the contest |
| • |
Use the effort which you have to refresh your information
in training for getting the informations about cihldrens raising and improving |
| • |
You should always control sportive’s age, length, weight,
physical fitness and coordinative abilities and their health situation and
divide them into groups according to these features |
| • |
You should take into consideration children’s maturity
grade and contest timetable while counting the training time and making
it periodical |
| • |
You should not think to study with only talented sportives.
You should be sensitive for less talented sportives |
| • |
You should provide the suitableness of materials and foundations
to children’s age and ability and security standards for them |
| • |
You should buy the line of doctor to determine whether a handicapped
sportive is ready or not |
| • |
You should educate that rules are same for everybody and contention
in fair-play |
Expectations from teachers:
| • |
Support the childrens to improve their basic ability in different
sport branche. Do not allow excess for early branch choice in maturing ages |
| • |
Reward with praise children’s effort and good behaviors
to improve their ability |
| • |
Do not forget that improving ability and doing sport as free
time eveluation activity is as important as managing a hard contest programme |
| • |
Give information to them about necessary abilities and their
developing grade, so they will have no dissapointment in case of failure
or incapability |
| • |
Be suitable and determined between childrens raising and trainership
principles |
| • |
Do not forget that expectations from child (school, family’s
and his expectations) and your expectations should be suitable to children’s
capacity |
| • |
Help the children to understand the differenc between their
sport and professional sportives sport on tv (some details can be given
like professionals gain money from their sport, so they must be funny) |
Expectations from parents:
| • |
Do not press the children to do sport. They should not do
sport to satisfy your ambitions. Children are interested in organized sport
for their wishes |
| • |
Support the childrens to do sport by obeying the rules |
| • |
Educate the children effort and team soul are as important
as win and every result should be aceepted as normal |
| • |
Say children it is normal when they made mistake and when
they were beaten |
| • |
Child learns thoroughly by correct examples. Make them clap
their friends in their and rival groups and appreciate |
| • |
Do not judge the refree’s decisions, their honesty as
well in crowded place |
| • |
Understand the importance and value of trainers. They spend
their time and back demands to lead your children |
| • |
Be a good example for your children by being friend with rival’s
parents |
Expectations from refrees:
| • |
Regulate the rulse and comments according to childrens grade |
| • |
Do not be an obstacle for their fun by piping very often |
| • |
Be a good example for children with your behaviours in arena
or out of it |
| Table 1: |
Test used in ability choice |
 |
|
| • |
Make your praise as a result of good performance for two team’s
or group’s sportives if it is deserved |
| • |
Be coherent and objective for your decisions |
| • |
Show behaviours which provide honesty (fair-play) |
| • |
Offer rule changes which expand attendence to the officials
by enyoing sport |
| • |
Watch the differences in changes for refreeship rules |
Spectators duties: Children do sport firstly for fun, then for having self-confidence. They do not do sport to amuse you. Do not watch them as watching professional sportives.
| • |
Do not do disturbing behaviours and tell words to sportives,
trainers or refrees |
| • |
Clap rival’s well behaviours as you clapped your team
or sportives. Do not forget if they were not, the contest would not be carried
out |
| • |
Never kid with sportive who made mistake during contest and
do not rebuke him or her |
| • |
Never accept the hardness as normal, condemn who makes |
| • |
Respect the refree’s decisions |
Press and broadcasting foundation’s duties:
| • |
Press and broadcasting foundations can contribute to this
area with their broadcast for child sport (by broadcasting private abilities
and good behaviours) |
| • |
Be aware of the diffrences between sport done by adults and
attendence of children and youngs to sport |
| • |
Do not expectate big things from young sportives |
| • |
Contribute to children’s attentition for public opinion |
| • |
Criticize the negativeness for education |
| • |
Do not be a reason for their being out of way socially by
acting to sportives as if he or she was a star |
| • |
Know the difference between amateur sport and professional
sport and transfer this to your readers and spectators |
Test used in ability choice (Slutzky and Simpkins, 2009;
Funk and Pritchard, 2006) (Table 1).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Attendence of many persons to a sport branche is mostly based on traditions,
ideals and person’s wishes to attend a branche. Wishes to attend a sport
is based on some factors like sport prevalence, family pressure, environmental
encouragement etc. According to east European trainer experts these methods
are not valid anymore. For instance according to this choice method a person
who is gifted for destination run can be an average sprinter related to directions.
In other words this kind of approach make sportive get good output infrequently.
According to raise distinguished sportives, these approaches prove that trainers
should give attention to individuals who have better natural ability than others.
In the opposite stiuation of this approaches, trainer’s ability, time and
energy will be used uselessly or raise average sportives with the most positive
approaches. For this reason the main aim of ability choice is determining and
choosing sportives who have good abilities for chosen sport (Smith
and Stewart, 2010; Blanchard et al., 2008;
Eime and Payne, 2009; Helsen and Pauwels, 1993;
Mabe and West, 1982; Sam et al.,
2005).
The main idea of all authorities for choosing ability is involving the children
and youngs to election and training, controlling them. For this reason training
and controlling hundreds of children should not be forgotten. In many countries
in Western, sport for everybody campaign is for it. In this campaign education
and imitating systems are created that children can test themselves in every
branch and improve their abilities. Again for this aim, schools and clubs guarantee
that children are directed to sport by working together (Abrahamsen
et al., 2007; Beauchamp et al., 2005;
Chirivella and Martinez, 1994).
There is no improvement for ability choice in or country. Ability sacnning
in early ages is the most important factor for performance improving and sportive
output increasing. But in the country no attention for sport and sportive and
no neccessary budget’s help for sport by policies which are carried out
is an obstacle for this development (Andrews, 2003;
Bortoli et al., 2009; Casper
et al., 2007).
In the country after ability scanning if trainers who are not expert concern with sportives and sportives do irregular training, children may lose their desire for sport even they may give up. Monotonous practicing creates boring and is a reason for no ability development. On the contrary we may show the same result when expert education is taught to children. So ability choice should work parallel with the increasing importance in country policies.
It neccessary that expert trainers should see sportives abilities and maket
hem developed. Ability choice should not have relation with a system in the
country. There is no improvement with inadequate experts. For this reason every
federation should work in a system not as seperated and inadequate stuff should
be evaluated. Great sportives in the country can be thought as the biggest sportives
(Slutzky and Simpkins, 2009; Dixon,
2009; Eysenck et al., 1982; Foll
et al., 2008; Zuckerman and Stelmack, 2004;
Lindner and Kerr, 2001).
Increasing the talented expert number and satisfying making ability choice in centers which will be founded in every city by relating it with a system supporting the sport doctorate and satisfying, controlling and supporting improvements in a system continually, controlling improvements by making relation with units which deal with university sport science making trainership a profession rather than a hobby so graduating from a profession high school will contribute to solution in ability choice.
In addition in frastructure studying in the country, foundating sport high
school, determining the aptness of people to which sport in different region
and investing to this and different federation’s school activities should
be carried out fastidiously and systematically by expert selectors (Smith
and Stewart, 2010; Doan et al., 2000; Duda,
1985; Eime and Payne, 2009;
Erpic et al., 2004).
CONCLUSION
The aim of this discussion is making the sportives get great performance and
increasing the number of talented sportives. It is obvious that activities for
this are not enough in the country. It should be provided that searching talented
sportives with the help of press, broadcasting foundations and encourage the
folk to regulate this situation. Talented sportives should be found with the
help of phsycal education teachers. Starting to do sport in early ages is carried
out for years in the country. If the country’s sport policies have no improvements,
it will be impossible to search talented sportive grade development. It can
not be taken into consideration and it can be dangerous for youngs who have
private abilities because early ability choice in sport is based on lower criterion.
To day, researchments show that the most important encouragement for sport branches
for children is a result of qualified organizations. Features of training is
also a factor. This is explained in common training programme place which contribute
to scientific studies, objectives, different steps of studies and determining
new ability criterion (Bennis and Pachur, 2006; Berrett
and Slack, 2001; Constantini et al., 2005;
Davids et al., 1991; Findlay
and Coplan, 2008; Bengoechea and Strean, 2007; Garcia,
2001; Getty, 2006).
As an election rule for children who have no training, it neccessary to give
attention to features measurements which will determine the wide productivity
of children rather than parameters which will determine productivity special
to sport. The principle which should not be forgotten in ability choice is that
measurement should be done more times rather than 1 times and then results and
a decision should be taken. With connection of scientific conditions, it should
no be ignored that evaluation for body capacity and performance limit may result
with datums which may be neccessary to be determined in health, nourishment,
physcal education and sport branches. It can be said that ability is a result
of either biomotoric and psychological develeo pment, genetic features or environment
and society’s conditions. Effort should be consumed to spread school basic
election factors and determinatyion of ability, performance criterion (2001
SAE-P; Adriaanse and Crosswhite, 2008; Gillet
et al., 2009; Goudas and Giannoudis, 2008;
Greenlees et al., 2007; Harner
and Lo, 2009; Hayen et al., 2007; Helsen
and Pauwels, 1993).
Important supplementary measurements which are result of sport medicine and
health test advise medical help immediately. But it is not important whether
the methods which are expalined here are widespread and valid, ability choice
and evaluation has connections with country’s social and cultural situation.
The importance of sport which is elite grade can stimulate the youngs to attend
sport in contest grade. With the aim of harmony all of present ways and factors,
advices by experts and officials will have inclination for effect sport carier
to escape from early deduction (Holt et al., 2009;
Hugill et al., 2009; Inoue,
2007; Jacobs and Eccles, 2000; Linver
et al., 2009; Logan et al., 1984;
Gano-Overway et al., 2009; McCarthy
et al., 2008; Nicholls, 1984; Nichols
et al., 1991).
Summer school and ski school are founded in every place of country. It is nonsense
to say that either biological age grade of this school is ok and they are good
at starting a sport in suitable age and children are educated according to their
age. The most talented and expert trainers are interested in high grade performance
sportives rather than beginners. Undoubtedly, beginners need successful trainers.
But the shape which is the result of giving inexperienced and apprentice trainers
for beginners will be the shape of the sport and human health in the future
(Skinner et al., 2008; Smith,
2003; Sorensen, 1976; Spray
et al., 2006; Vazou et al., 2005;
Vilhjalmsson and Kristjansdottir, 2003; Walters
et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2009;
Wann, 2006; Webster et al.,
2001; Weed, 2009; Wolfe et
al., 2002; Woude et al., 2006).