References

Apajalahti, J., A. Kettunen and H. Graham, 2004. Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities, with special reference to the chicken. World's Poult. Sci. J., 60: 223-232.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

El-Waziry, A.M., M.E.A. Nasser and S.M.A. Sallam, 2005. Processing methods of soybean meal. 1-effect of roasting and tannic acid treated soybean meal on gas production and rumen fermentation in vitro. J. Applied Sci., 1: 313-320.

El-Waziry, A.M., M.E.A. Nasser, S.M.A. Sallam, A.L. Abdallah and I.C.S. Bueno, 2007. Processing methods of soybean meal, 2. Effect of autoclaving and Qucbraho tannin treated soybean meal on gas production and rumen fermentation In vitro. J. Applied Sci., 3: 17-24.

Frutos, P., G. Hervas, F.J. Giraldez, M. Fernandez and A.R. Mantecon, 2000. Digestive utilization of quebracho treated soybean meals in sheep. J. Agric. Sci., 134: 101-108.
Direct Link  |  

Horigome, T., R. Kumar and K. Okamoto, 1988. Effect of condensed tannins prepared from leaves mashy of fodder plants on digestive enzymes in vitro and in the intestine of rats. Br. J. Nutr., 60: 275-285.
Direct Link  |  

Liu, J.X., A. Susenbeth and K.H. Sudekum, 2002. In vitro gas production measurements to evaluate interaction between untreated and chemically treated rice straws, grass hay and mulberry leaves. J. Anim. Sci., 80: 517-524.
Direct Link  |  

Lyford, Jr., S.J., W.W.G. Smart and T.A. Bell, 1967. Inhibition of rumen cellulose digestion by extracts of sericea lespedeza. J. Anim. Sci., 26: 632-637.
Direct Link  |  

Makkar, H.P.S., 2003. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Res., 49: 241-256.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

McMahon, L.R., T.A. McAllister, B.P. Berg, W. Majak and S.N. Acharya et al., 2000. A review of the effects of forage condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation and bloat in grazing cattle. Can. J. Plant Sci., 80: 469-485.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Menke, K.H. and H. Steingass, 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev., 28: 7-55.
Direct Link  |  

Muhammed, S., C.S. Stewart and T. Acamovic, 1994. Effects of tannic acid on cellulose degradation, adhesion and enzymic activity of rumen microorganisms. Proc. Soc. Nutr. Physiol., 3: 25-30.
Direct Link  |  

Newbold, C.J., R.J. Wallace and N. Mckain, 1990. Effects of the ionophore tetronasin on nitrogen metabolism by ruminal microorganisms in vitro. J. Anim. Sci., 68: 1103-1111.
Direct Link  |  

Sliwinski, B.J., C.R. Soliva, A. Machmuller and M. Kreuzer, 2002. Efficacy of plant extracts rich in secondary constituents to modify rumen fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 101: 101-114.
Direct Link  |  

Tabacco, E., G. Borreani, G.M. Crovetto, G. Galassl, D. Colombo and L. Cavallarin, 2006. Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 4736-4746.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Waghorn, G.C., W.T. Jones, I.D. Shelton and W. Mcnabb, 1990. Condensed tannins and the nutritive value of herbage. Proc. N. Z. Grassland Assoc., 51: 171-176.
Direct Link  |