References

Bomholt, S.F., J.D. Mikkelsen and G. Blackburn-Munro, 2005. Normal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function in a rat model of peripheral neuropathic pain. Brain Res., 1044: 216-226.
PubMed  |  

Dahl, J.B. and H. Kehlet, 1991. Non-steroidal anti-ınflammatory drugs: Rationale for use in severe postoperative pain. Br. J. Anaesthesia, 66: 703-712.
CrossRef  |  

Deneuche, A.J., C. Dufayet, L. Goby, P. Fayolle and C. Desbois, 2004. Analgesic comparison of meloxicam or ketoprofen for orthopedic surgery in dogs. Vet. Surg., 33: 650-660.
CrossRef  |  

Dzikiti, T.B., K.E. Joubert, L.J. Venter and L.N. Dzikiti, 2006. Comparison of morphine and carprofen administered alone or in combination for analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. J. Sci. Afr. Vet. Assoc., 77: 120-126.
PubMed  |  

Fox, S.M. and S.A. Johnston, 1997. Use of carprofen for the treatment of pain and inflammation in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 210: 1493-1498.
PubMed  |  

Goldstein, D.S., 2006. L-Dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS): A norepinephrine prodrug. Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 24: 189-203.
PubMed  |  

Grisneaux, E., J. Dupuis, P. Pibarot, N.H. Bonneau, B. Charette and D. Blais, 2003. Effects of postoperative administration of ketoprofen or carprofen on short- and long-term results of femoral head and neck excision in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 223: 1006-1012.
PubMed  |  

Horstman, C.L., M.G. Conzeminus, R. Evans and W.J. Gordon, 2004. Assessing the efficacy of perioperative oral carprofen after cranial cruciate surgery using noninvasive, objective pressure platform gait analysis. Vet. Surg., 33: 286-292.
CrossRef  |  

Jezova, D., E. Jurankova, A. Mosnarova, M. Kriska and I. Skultetyova, 1996. Neuroendocrine response during stress with relation to gender differences. Acta Neurobiol., 56: 779-785.
PubMed  |  

Johnson, C.B., P.M. Taylor, S.S. Young and J.C. Brearley, 1993. Postoperative analgesia using Phenylbutazone, Flunixin or Carprofen in horses. Vet. Rec., 133: 336-338.
PubMed  |  

Lafuente, M.P., J. Franch, I. Durall, M.C. Diaz-Bertrana and R.M. Marquez, 2005. Comparison between meloxicam and transdermally administered fentanyl for treatment of postoperative pain in dogs undergoing osteotomy of the tibia and fibula and placement of a uniplanar external distraction device. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 227: 1768-1774.
CrossRef  |  

Laredo, F.G., E. Belda, J. Murciano, M. Escobar, A. Navarro, K.J. Robinson and R.S. Jones, 2004. Comparison of the analgesic effects of meloxicam and carprofen administered preoperatively to dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Vet. Rec., 155: 667-671.
CrossRef  |  

Lariviere, W.R. and R. Melzack, 2000. The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in pain and analgesia. Pain, 84: 1-12.
PubMed  |  

Lascelles, B.D., S.J. Butterworth and A.E. Waterman, 1994. Postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of carprofen and pethidine in dogs. Vet. Rec., 134: 187-191.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Leece, E.A., J.C. Brearley and E.F. Harding, 2005. Comparison of carprofen and meloxicam for 72 hours following ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Vet. Anaesthesia Analgesia, 32: 184-192.
CrossRef  |  

Lobetti, R.G. and K.E. Joubert, 2000. Effect of administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before surgery on renal function in clinically normal dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 61: 1501-1507.
PubMed  |  

Lykkegaard, K., B. Lauritzen, L. Tessem, P. Weikop and O. Svendsen, 2005. Local anaesthetics attenuates spinal nociception and HPA-axis activation during experimental laparotomy in pigs. Res. Vet. Sci., 79: 245-251.
CrossRef  |  

Martin, T.J., N.L. Buechler and J.C. Eisenach, 2006. Intrathecal administration of a cylcooxygenase-1, but not a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, reverses the effects of laparotomy on exploratory activity in rats. Anesthesia Analgesia, 103: 690-695.
CrossRef  |  

Mastrocinque, S. and D.T. Fantoni, 2003. A comparison of preoperative tramadol and morphine for the control of early postoperative pain in canine ovariohysterectomy. Vet. Anaesth. Analgesia, 30: 220-228.
CrossRef  |  

Nicholson, G., J.M. Burrin and G.M. Hall, 1998. Perioperative steroid supplementation. Anaesthesia, 53: 1091-1104.

Nolan, A. and J. Reid, 1993. Comparasion of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of Carprofen and Papaveretum in the dog. Vet. Rec., 133: 240-242.
CrossRef  |  

Prunier, A., A.M. Mounier and M. Hay, 2005. Effects of castration, tooth resection, or tail docking on plasma metabolites and stress hormones in young pigs. J. Anim. Sci., 83: 216-222.
PubMed  |  

Schecter, W.P., F.S. Bongard, B.J. Gainor, D.L. Weltz and J.K. Horn, 2002. Pain control of outpatient surgery. J. Am. Coll. Surg., 195: 95-104.

Short, C.E., 1998. Fundamentals of pain perception in animals. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 59: 125-133.
CrossRef  |  

Slingsby, L.S., P.J. Murison, L. Goossens, M. Engelen and A.E. Waterman-Pearson, 2006. A comparison between pre-operative carprofen and a long-acting sufentanil formulation for analgesia after ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Vet. Anaesthesia Analgesia, 33: 313-327.
CrossRef  |  

Zhu, X., D. Conklin and J.C. Eisenach, 2003. Cyclooxygenase-1 in the spinal cord plays an important role in postoperative pain. Pain, 104: 15-23.
PubMed  |