References

Cockrill, W.R., 1974. The Husbandry and Health of The Domestic Buffalo. FAO, Rome, Italy.

Dalir-Naghadeh, B., H.A. Seifi, S. Asri-Rezaei and N. Pilevary, 2006. Post-parturient haemoglobinuria in Iranian river buffaloes: A preliminary study. Comp. Clin. Pathol., 14: 221-225.
CrossRef  |  

Dantzer, R. and P. Mormede, 1983. Stress in farm animals: A need for reevaluation. J. Anim. Sci., 57: 6-18.
PubMed  |  

Duncan, I.J. and J.C. Petherick, 1991. The implications of cognitive processes for animal welfare. J. Anim. Sci., 69: 5017-5022.
Direct Link  |  

Dziezyc, J., N.J. Millichamp and W.B. Smith, 1992. Comparison of applanation tonometers in dogs and horses. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 201: 430-433.
PubMed  |  

Friedenwald, J., 1937. Contribution to the theory and practice of tonometry. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 20: 985-985.

Gelatt, K.N. and E.O. MacKay, 1998. Distribution of intraocular pressure in dogs. Vet. Ophthalmol., 1: 109-114.
CrossRef  |  

Gelatt, K.N., G.G. Gum and K.P. Barrie, 1981. Tonometry in glaucomatous globes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 20: 683-688.
PubMed  |  

Gerometta, R., S.M. Podos, O.A. Candia, B. Wu, L.A. Malgor, T. Mittag and J. Danias, 2004. Steroid-induced ocular hypertension in normal cattle. Arch. Ophthalmol., 122: 1492-1497.
PubMed  |  

Gum, G.G., 1991. Phsiology of the Eye. In: Veterinary Ophthalmology, Gelatt, K.N. (Ed.). 2nd Edn., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp: 124-161.

Gum, G.G., K.N. Gelatt, D.N. Miller and E.O. Mackay, 1998. Intraocular pressure in normal dairy cattle. Vet. Ophthalmol., 1: 159-161.
CrossRef  |  

Hoskins, H.D. and M.A. Kass, 1989. Becker-Shaffer`s Diagnosis and Therapy of the Glaucomas. 6th Edn., Mosby, USA.

Kitazawa, Y. and T. Horie, 1975. Diural variation of intraocular pressure in primary open-angle glaucamo. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 79: 557-560.
PubMed  |  

Kontiola, A., 1997. A new electromechanical method for measuring intraocular pressure. Documenta Ophthalmol., 93: 265-276.
CrossRef  |  

McClure, Jr. J.R., K.N. Gelatt, G.G. Gum and J.P. Manning, 1976. The effect of parenteral acepromazine and xylazine on intraocular pressure in the horse. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin., 71: 1727-1730.
PubMed  |  

Mertel, L., G. Cammarata, R. Magri, D. Brooks and D. Samuelson, 1996. Clinical and pathological study of a cow with cronic glaucoma. Vet. Comp. Ophthalmol., 6: 18-26.

Miller, P.E., J.P. Pickett and L.J. Majors, 1990. Evaluation of two applanation tonometers in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res., 51: 935-937.
PubMed  |  

Miller, T.R. and K.N. Gelatt, 1991. Food Animal Opthalmology. In: Veterinary Ophthalmology, Gelatt, K.N. (Ed.). 2nd Edn., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp: 611-655.

Minckler, D.S., G. Baerveldt, D.K. Heuer, B. Quillen-Thomas, A.F. Walonker and J. Weiner, 1987. Clinical evaluation of the Oculab Tono-pen. Am. J. Ophthalmol., 104: 168-173.
PubMed  |  

Passaglia, C.L., X. Guo, J. Chen and J.B. Troy, 2004. Tono-Pen XL calibration curves for cats, cows and sheep. Vet. Ophthalmol., 7: 261-264.
PubMed  |  

Priehs, D.R., G.G. Gum, R.D. Whitley and L.E. Moore, 1990. Evaluation of three applanation tonometers in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 51: 1547-1550.
PubMed  |  

Thurmon, J., W. Jtranquilli and J. Benson, 1996. Anesthesia for Special Patients: Ocular Patients. In: Lump and Jones Veterinary Anesthesia, Brock, N. (Ed.). 3rd Edn., Williams and Wilkins Co., USA., pp: 812-818.

Trim, C.M., G.T. Colbern and C.L. Martin, 1985. Effect of xylazine and ketamine on intraocular pressure in horses. Vet. Rec., 117: 442-443.
CrossRef  |  

Van den Berg, J.C.T., 1990. Strategy for Dairy Development in the Tropics and Subtropics. Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Van der Woerdt, A., B.C. Gilger, D.A. Wilkie and S.M. Strauch, 1995. The effect of auriculopalpebral nevre block and intravenous administeation of xylazine on intraocular pressure and corneal thickness in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res., 56: 155-158.
PubMed  |  

Woelfel, C.G., J.E. Rousseau, E.J. Kersting, S.W. Nielsen and J.J. Lucas, 1964. Intraocular pressure of vitamin a-deficient Holstein male calves. J. Dairy Sci., 47: 655-657.