References

Akashi, S., R. Shimazu, H. Ogata, Y. Nagai, K. Takeda, M. Kimoto and K. Miyake, 2000. Cutting edge: Cell surface expression and lipopolysaccharide signaling via the toll-like receptor 4-MD-2 complex on mouse peritoneal macrophages. J. Immunol., 164: 3471-3475.
PubMed  |  

Baatartsogt, O., P.K. Mandal, H.K. Lim, C.H. Lee, J.H. Lee and K. Choi, 2011. Differential expression of immuno-inflammatory genes in synovial cells from knee after inducing post-traumatic arthritis in swine. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 6: 333-343.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Baroni, A., I. Paoletti, R. Greco, R.A. Satriano, E. Ruocco, M.A. Tufano and J.J. Perez, 2005. Immunomodulatory effects of a set of amygdalin analogues on human keratinocyte cells. Exp. Dermatol., 14: 854-859.
CrossRef  |  

Binder, C.J., M.K. Chang, P.X. Shaw, Y.I. Miller, K. Hartvigsen, A. Dewan and J.L. Witztum, 2002. Innate and acquired immunity in atherogenesis. Nat. Med., 8: 1218-1226.
CrossRef  |  

Breslow, J.L., 1996. Mouse models of atherosclerosis. Science, 272: 685-688.
CrossRef  |  

Castrillo, A., S.B. Joseph, S.A. Vaidya, M. Haberland, A.M. Fogelman, G. Cheng and P. Tontonoz, 2003. Crosstalk between LXR and toll-like receptor signaling mediates bacterial and viral antagonism of cholesterol metabolism. Mol. Cell, 12: 805-816.
PubMed  |  

Chang, H.K., M.S. Shin, H.Y. Yang, J.W. Lee and Y.S. Kim et al., 2006. Amygdalin induces apoptosis through regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in human DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 29: 1597-1602.
PubMed  |  

Charo, I.F. and M.B. Taubman, 2004. Chemokines in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Circulation Res., 95: 858-866.
PubMed  |  

Collins, T. and M.I. Cybulsky, 2001. NF-kappaB: Pivotal mediator or innocent bystander in atherogenesis?. J. Clin. Invest., 107: 255-264.
PubMed  |  

Davies, M.J. and A.C. Thomas, 1985. Plaque fissuring-the cause of acute myocardial infarction, sudden ischaemic death and crescendo angina. Br. Heart J., 53: 363-373.
Direct Link  |  

De Kleijn, D. and G. Pasterkamp, 2003. Toll-like receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc. Res., 60: 58-67.
PubMed  |  

De Lemos, J.A., D.A. Morrow, M.S. Sabatine, S.A. Murphy and C.M. Gibson et al., 2003. Association between plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation, 107: 690-695.
PubMed  |  

Edfeldt, K., J. Swedenborg, G.K. Hansson and Z.Q. Yan, 2002. Expression of toll-like receptors in human atherosclerotic lesions: A possible pathway for plaque activation. Circulation, 105: 1158-1161.
PubMed  |  

Garcia, R. and W.L. Marshall, 2005. A growing family of poxvirus innate immune inhibitors. J. Biological Sci., 5: 363-369.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Gosling, J., S. Slaymaker, L. Gu, S. Tseng, C.H. Zlot et al., 1999. MCP-1 deficiency reduces susceptibility to atherosclerosis in mice that overexpress human apolipoprotein B. J. Clin. Invest., 103: 773-778.
PubMed  |  

Hansson, G.K., 2005. Inflammation, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 352: 1685-1695.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Harrington, J.R., 2000. The role of MCP-1 in atherosclerosis. Stem Cells, 18: 65-66.
PubMed  |  

Heikkila, R.E. and F.S. Cabbat, 1980. The prevention of alloxan-induced diabetes by amygdalin. Life Sci., 27: 659-662.
PubMed  |  

Huang, J., L. Liu, H. Wang, C. Zhang and Z. Ju et al., 2011. Variants and gene expression of the TLR2 gene and susceptibility to mastitis in cattle. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 6: 51-61.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Huber, S.A., P. Sakkinen, D. Conze, N. Hardin and R. Tracy, 1999. Interleukin-6 exacerbates early atherosclerosis in mice. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc. Biol., 19: 2364-2367.
CrossRef  |  

Hwang, H.J., H.J. Lee, C.J. Kim, I. Shim and D.H. Hahm, 2008. Inhibitory effect of amygdalin on lipopolysaccharide-inducible TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression and carrageenan-induced rat arthritis. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 18: 1641-1647.
PubMed  |  

Jiagang, D., C. Li, H. Wang, E. Hao and Z. Du et al., 2011. Amygdalin mediates relieved atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice through the induction of regulatory T cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,

Jovinge, S., M.P. Ares, B. Kallin and J. Nilsson, 1996. Human monocytes/macrophages release TNF-α in response to Ox-LDL. Arteriosc. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 16: 1573-1579.
PubMed  |  

Laster, W.R. and F.M. Schabel, 1975. Experimental studies of the antitumor activity of amygdalin MF (NSC-15780) alone and in combination with beta-glucosidase (NSC-128056). Cancer Chemother. Rep., 59: 951-965.
PubMed  |  

Lee, T.S., H.C. Yen, C.C. Pan and L.Y. Chau, 1999. The role of interleukin 12 in the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. Arteriosc. Thromb. Vascler. Biol., 19: 734-742.
PubMed  |  

Lim, H.K., K. Choi, P.K. Mandal, O. Baatartsogt, C.H. Lee, J.H. Lee and H.B. Kim, 2009. Transcriptional profiling of spleen lymphocyte in fowl typhoid of broilers. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 4: 66-75.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Matijevic, N., K.K. Wu, A.G. Howard, B. Wasserman and W.Y. Wang, A.R. Folsom and A.R. Sharrett, 2011. Association of blood monocyte and platelet markers with carotid artery characteristics: The atherosclerosis risk in communities carotid MRI study. Cerebrovasc. Dis., 3: 552-558.
PubMed  |  

Matin, A., M.A. Khan, M. Ashraf and R.A. Qureshi, 2001. Traditional use of herbs, shrubs and trees of Shogran Valley, Mansehra, Pakistan. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 4: 1101-1107.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Michelsen, K.S., M.H. Wong, P.K. Shah, W. Zhang and J. Yano et al., 2004. Lack of Toll-like receptor 4 or myeloid differentiation factor 88 reduces atherosclerosis and alters plaque phenotype in mice deficient in apolipoprotein E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 101: 10679-10684.
PubMed  |  

Miggin, S.M. and L.A. O'Neill, 2006. New insights into the regulation of TLR signaling. J. Leukoc. Biol., 80: 220-226.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Milazzo, S., S. Lejeune and E. Ernst, 2007. Laetrile for cancer: A systematic review of the clinical evidence. Support Care Cancer, 15: 583-595.
PubMed  |  

O'Neill, L.A., 2003. Therapeutic targeting of Toll-like receptors for inflammatory and infectious diseases. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 3: 396-403.
PubMed  |  

Plump, A.S., J.D. Smith, T. Hayek, K. Aalto-Setala and A. Walsh et al., 1992. Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells. Cell, 71: 343-353.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Stary, H.C., A.B. Chandler, S. Glagov, J.R. Guyton and W. Insull Jr. et al., 1994. A definition of initial, fatty streak and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb, 14: 840-856.

Trinchieri, G. and A. Sher, 2007. Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 7: 179-190.
PubMed  |  

Verstak, B., P. Hertzog and A. Mansell, 2007. Toll-like receptor signalling and the clinical benefits that lie within. Inflamm Res., 56: 1-10.
PubMed  |  

Xu, X.H., P.K. Shah, E. Faure, O. Equils and L. Thomas et al., 2001. Toll-like receptor-4 is expressed by macrophages in murine and human lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques and upregulated by oxidized LDL. Circulation, 104: 3103-3108.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Yamamoto, M., S. Sato, H. Hemmi, K. Hoshino and T. Kaisho et al., 2003. Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Sci., 301: 640-643.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Yla-Herttuala, S., B.A. Lipton, M.E. Rosenfeld, T. Sarkioja and T. Yoshimura et al., 1991. Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in macrophage-rich areas of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 88: 5252-5256.
PubMed  |  

Zhang, G. and S. Ghosh, 2001. Toll-like receptor-mediated NF-kappaB activation: a phylogenetically conserved paradigm in innate immunity. J clin. invest., 107: 13-19.
CrossRef  |  

Zhang, S.H., R.L. Reddick, J.A. Piedrahita and N. Maeda, 1992. Spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and arterial lesions in mice lacking apolipoprotein E. Sci. New York, NY., 258: 468-471.
PubMed  |