References

Bang, D.D., E.M. Nielsen, F. Scheutz, K. Pedersen, K. Handberg and M. Madsen, 2003. PCR detection of seven virulence and toxin genes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from Danish pigs and cattle and cytolethal distending toxin production of the isolates. J. Applied Microbiol., 94: 1003-1014.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bang, D.D., F. Scheutz, P. Ahrens, K. Pedersen, J. Blom and M. Madsen, 2001. Prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes and CDT production in Campylobacter spp. isolated from Danish broilers. J. Med. Microbiol., 50: 1087-1094.
Direct Link  |  

Beery, J.T., M.B. Hugdahl and M.P. Doyle, 1988. Colonization of gastrointestinal tracts of chicks by Campylobacter jejuni. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 54: 2365-2370.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Blaser, M.J., 1997. Epidemiologic and clinical features of Campylobacter jejuni infections. J. Infect. Dis., 176: S103-S105.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

CDC, 2004. Preliminary food net data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food-selected sites, United States. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 53: 338-343.
Direct Link  |  

Caldwell, M.B., P. Guerry, E.C. Lee, J.P. Burans and R.I. Walker, 1985. Reversible expression of flagella in Campylobacter jejuni. Infect. Immun., 50: 941-943.
Direct Link  |  

Crushell, E., S. Harty, F. Sharif and B. Bourke, 2004. Enteric Campylobacter: Purging its secrets?. Pediatr. Res., 55: 3-12.
PubMed  |  

Dasti, J.I., A.M. Tareen, R. Lugert, A.E. Zautner and U. Groβ, 2010. Campylobacter jejuni: A brief overview on pathogenicity-associated factors and disease-mediating mechanisms. Int. J. Med. Microbiol., 300: 205-211.
Direct Link  |  

Eyigor, A., K.A. Dawson, B.E. Langlois and C.L. Pickett, 1999. Detection of cytolethal distending toxin activity and cdt genes in Campylobacter species isolated from chicken arcasses. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 65: 1501-1505.
PubMed  |  

Fernando, U., D. Biswas, B. Allan, P. Willson and A.A. Potter, 2007. Influence of Campylobacter jejuni fliA, rpoN and flgK genes on colonization of the chicken gut. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 15: 194-200.
PubMed  |  

Han, K., S.S. Jang, E. Choo, S. Heu and S. Ryu, 2007. Prevalence, genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni from retail raw chickens in Korea. Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 114: 50-59.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Hanel, I., E. Borrmann, J. Muller and T. Alter, 2007. Relationships between bacterial genotypes and in vitro virulence properties of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from turkeys. J. Applied Microbiol., 102: 433-441.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Harris, N.V., N.S. Weiss and C.M. Nolan, 1986. The role of poultry and meats in the etiology of Campylobacter jejuni/coli enteritis. Am. J. Public Health, 76: 407-411.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Hendrixson, D.R and V.J. DiRita, 2004. Identification of Campylobacter jejuni genes involved in commensal colonization of the chick gastrointestinal tract. Mol. Microbiol., 52: 471-484.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Jain, D., K.N. Prasad, S. Sinha and N. Husain, 2008. Differences in virulence attributes between cytolethal distending toxin positive and negative Campylobacter jejuni strains. J. Med. Microbiol., 57: 267-272.
CrossRef  |  

Jin, S., A. Joe, J. Lynett, E.K. Hani, P. Sherman and V.L. Chan, 2001. JlpA, a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein specific to Campylobacter jejuni, mediates adherence to host epithelial cells. Mol. Microbiol., 39: 1225-1236.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Kapperud, G., E. Skjerve, N.H. Bean, S.M. Ostroff and J. Lassen, 1992. Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infections: Results of a case-control study in Southeastern Norway. J. Clin. Microbiol., 30: 3117-3121.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Ketley, J.M., 1997. Pathogenesis of enteric infection by Campylobacter. Microbiology, 143: 5-21.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Kim, H.J., J.H. Kim, Y.I. Kim, J.S. Choi and M.Y. Park et al., 2010. Prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter sp. isolated from domestic and imported poultry meat in Korea, 2004-2008. oodborne Pathog. Dis., 7: 1203-1209.
PubMed  |  

Konkel, M.E., M.R. Monteville, V. Rivera-Amill and L.A. Joens, 2001. The pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni-mediated enteritidis. Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol., 2: 55-71.
PubMed  |  

Konkel, M.E., S.G. Garvis, S.L. Tipton, D.E. Anderson, Jr. and W. Cieplak, Jr., 1997. Identification and molecular cloning of a gene encoding a fibronectin-binding protein (CadF) from Campylobacter jejuni. Mol. Microbiol., 24: 953-963.
PubMed  |  

Krause-Gruszczynska, M., L.B. van Alphen, O.A. Oyarzabal, T. Alter and I. Hanel et al., 2007. Expression patterns and role of the CadF protein in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 274: 9-16.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Linton, D., M. Gilbert, P.G. Hitchen, A. Dell and H.R. Morris et al., 2000. Phase variation of a β-1,3 galactosyltransferase involved in generation of the ganglioside GM1-like lipo-oligosaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni. Mol. Microbiol., 37: 501-514.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Manninen, K.I., J.F. Prescott and I.R. Dohoo, 1982. Pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from animals and humans. Infect. Immun., 38: 46-52.
PubMed  |  

Muller, J., B. Meyer, I. Hanel and H. Hotzel, 2007. Comparison of lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis genes of Campylobacter jejuni strains with varying abilities to colonize the chicken gut and to invade Caco-2 cells. J. Med. Microbiol., 56: 1589-1594.
CrossRef  |  

Muller, J., F. Schulze, W. Muller and I. Hanel, 2006. PCR detection of virulence-associated genes in Campylobacter jejuni strains with differential ability to invade Caco-2 cells and to colonize the chick gut. Vet. Microbiol., 113: 123-129.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Nachamkin, I., X.H. Yang and N.J. Stern, 1993. Role of Campylobacter jejuni flagella as colonization factors for three-day-old chicks: Analysis with flagellar mutants. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 59: 1269-1273.
PubMed  |  

Nayak, R., T.M. Stewart and M.S. Nawaz, 2005. PCR identification of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni by partial sequencing of virulence genes. Mol. Cell Probes, 19: 187-193.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Newell, D.G. and C. Fearnley, 2003. Sources of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 69: 4343-4351.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Newell, D.G. and J.A. Wagenaar, 2000. Poultry Infections and their Control at the Farm Level. In: Campylobacter jejuni, Current Status and Future Needs, Nachamkin, I. and M.J. Blaser (Eds.). 2nd Edn., American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington, DC., USA., pp: 497-509.

Oberhelman, R.A. and D.N. Taylor, 2000. Campylobacter Infections in Developing Countries. In: Campylobacter, Nachamkin, I. and M.J. Blaser (Eds.). 2nd Edn., American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC., pp: 139-153.

Pei, Z. and M.J. Blaser, 1993. PEB1, the major cell-binding factor of Campylobacter jejuni, is a homolog of the binding component in Gram-negative nutrient transport systems. J. Biol. Chem., 268: 18717-18725.
PubMed  |  

Rozynek, E., K. Dzierzanowska-Fangrat, P. Jozwiak, J. Popowski, D. Korsak and D. Dzierzanowska, 2005. Prevalence of potential virulence markers in Polish Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates obtained from hospitalized children and from chicken carcasses. J. Med. Microbiol., 54: 615-619.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Smith, J.L., 1995. Arthritis, guillain-barre syndrome and other sequelae of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. J. Food Prot., 58: 1153-1170.
Direct Link  |  

Takata, T., S. Fujimoto and K. Amako, 1992. Isolation of nonchemotactic mutants of Campylobacter jejuni and their colonization of the mouse intestinal tract. Infect. Immun., 60: 3596-3600.
PubMed  |  

Tauxe, R.V., M.S. Deming and P.A. Blake, 1985. Campylobacter jejuni infections on college campuses: A national survey. Am. J. Public Health, 75: 659-660.
Direct Link  |  

Wassenaar, T.M. and M.J. Blaser, 1999. Pathophysiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections of humans. Microbes Infect., 1: 1023-1033.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Wassenaar, T.M., B.A. van der Zeijst, R. Ayling and D.G. Newell, 1993. Colonization of chicks by motility mutants of Campylobacter jejuni demonstrates the importance of flagellin A expression. J. Gen. Microbiol., 139: 1171-1175.
PubMed  |  

Whitehouse, C.A., P.B. Balo, E.C. Pesci, D.L. Cottle, P.M. Mirabito and C.L. Pickett, 1998. Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin causes a G₂-phase cell cycle block. Infect. Immun., 66: 1934-1940.
Direct Link  |  

Woo, G.J., D.H. Lee, Y.S. Kang, J.S. Park, S.K. Yoon, Y.S. Cho and S.S. Lee, 2001. Monitoring and risk assessment of Salmonella and Campylobacter. Ann. Rep. Korea Food Drug Administration, 5: 871-872.

van Vliet, A.H.M. and J.M. Ketley, 2001. Pathogenesis of enteric Campylobacter infection. J. Appl. Microbiol., 90: 45S-56S.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |