Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences

Year: 2019
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Page No. 14 - 29

Employee’s Innovative Behaviour: Evidence from Hospitality Industry

Authors : Nasser A.O.M. Alareefi, Abuelhassan E. Abuelhassan, Gamal S.A. Khalifa, Mohammed Nusari and Ali Ameen

References

Abd-Elaziz, M.E., W.M. Aziz, G.S. Khalifa and M. Abdel-Aleem, 2015. Determinants of Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM) influence on hotel customers purchasing decision. Intl. J. Heritage Tourism Hospitality, 9: 194-223.
Direct Link  |  

Abou-Shouk, M.A. and G.S. Khalifa, 2017. The influence of website quality dimensions on E-purchasing behaviour and E-loyalty: A comparative study of Egyptian travel agents and hotels. J. Travel Tourism Marketing, 34: 608-623.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Ahmad, J., M.R. Athar and M. Hussain, 2016. Linking personality traits with job performance mediating role of organizational commitment: An empirical evidence. NUML. Intl. J. Bus. Manage., 11: 1-11.
Direct Link  |  

Ahmad, N., N. Iqbal, K. Javed and N. Hamad, 2014. Impact of organizational commitment and employee performance on the employee satisfaction. Intl. J. Learn. Teach. Educ. Res., 1: 84-92.
Direct Link  |  

Al-husseini, S. and I. Elbeltagi, 2018. Evaluating the effect of transformational leadership on knowledge sharing using structural equation modelling: The case of Iraqi higher education. Intl. J. Leadersh. Educ., 21: 506-517.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Altin, M., M.A. Koseoglu, X. Yu and A. Riasi, 2018. Performance measurement and management research in the hospitality and tourism industry. Intl. J. Contemp. Hospitality Manage., 30: 1172-1189.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Amabile, T.M., E.A. Schatzel, G.B. Moneta and S.J. Kramer, 2004. Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: Perceived leader support. Leadership Q., 15: 5-32.
Direct Link  |  

Amabile, T.M., R. Conti, H. Coon, J. Lazenby and M. Herron, 1996. Assessing the work environment for creativity. Acad. Manage. J., 39: 1154-1184.
Direct Link  |  

Anderson, J.C. and D.W. Gerbing, 1988. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychol. Bull., 103: 411-423.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Anderson, N., C.K. De Dreu and B.A. Nijstad, 2004. The routinization of innovation research: A constructively critical review of the state‐of‐the‐science. J. Organizational Behav., 25: 147-173.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Anderson, N., K. Potocnik and J. Zhou, 2014. Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary and guiding framework. J. Manage., 40: 1297-1333.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Aragon-Correa, J.A., V.J. Garcia-Morales and E. Cordon-Pozo, 2007. Leadership and organizational learning’s role on innovation and performance: Lessons from Spain. Ind. Marketing Manage., 36: 349-359.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Aryee, S., P.S. Budhwar and Z.X. Chen, 2002. Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes: Test of a social exchange model. J. Org. Behav., 23: 267-285.
Direct Link  |  

Atmojo, M., 2015. The influence of transformational leadership on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and employee performance. Int. Res. J. Bus. Stud., 5: 113-128.
Direct Link  |  

Audenaert, M., A. Decramer, B. George, B. Verschuer and T. Van Waeyenberg, 2016. When employee performance management affects individual innovation in public organizations: The role of consistency and LMX. Intl. J. Hum. Resour. Manage., 1: 1-20.
Direct Link  |  

Awang, Z., 2014. Structural Equation Modeling Using AMOS. Universiti Teknologi MARA Publication Center, Shah Alam, Malaysia,.

Badran, N. and G. Khalifa, 2016. Diversity management: Is it an important issue in hotel industry in Egypt?. Intl. J. Heritage Tourism Hospitality, 7: 275-286.
Direct Link  |  

Barclay, D., C. Hinggins and R. Thompson, 1995. The Partial Least Square (PLS) approach to causal modeling, personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technol. Stud. Spec. Issues Res. Method., 2: 285-324.

Baruch, Y. and B.C. Holtom, 2008. Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Hum. Relat., 61: 1139-1160.
Direct Link  |  

Bass, B.M. and R.M. Stogdill, 1990. Bass and Stogdills HandBook of Leadership: Theory, Research and Managerial Applications. 3rd Edn., Simon and Schuster, New York, USA., ISBN:9780029015001, Pages: 1191.

Basu, R. and S.G. Green, 1997. Leader‐member exchange and transformational leadership: An empirical examination of innovative behaviors in leader‐member dyads. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol., 27: 477-499.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Basu, V., E. Hartono, A.L. Lederer and V. Sethi, 2002. The impact of organizational commitment, senior management involvement and team involvement on strategic information systems planning. Inform. Manage., 39: 513-524.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Bauer, T.N. and S.G. Green, 1996. Development of leader-member exchange: A longitudinal test. Acad. Manage. J., 39: 1538-1567.
Direct Link  |  

Birdi, K., D. Leach and W. Magadley, 2016. The relationship of individual capabilities and environmental support with different facets of designers innovative behavior. J. Prod. Innovation Manage., 33: 19-35.
Direct Link  |  

Bowerman, B.L. and R.T. O'Connell, 1990. Linear Statistical Models: An Applied Approach. 2nd Edn., PWS-Kent Pub. Co., New York, USA., ISBN:9780534917968, Pages: 1024.

Brislin, R.W., 1970. Back-translation for cross-cultural research. J. Cross Cult. Psychol., 1: 185-216.
CrossRef  |  

Bysted, R., 2013. Innovative employee behaviour: The moderating effects of mental involvement and job satisfaction on contextual variables. Eur. J. Innovation Manage., 16: 268-284.
Direct Link  |  

Cable, D.M. and D.S. DeRue, 2002. The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. J. Applied Psychol., 87: 875-884.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cai, W., E.I. Lysova, S.N. Khapova and B.A.G. Bossink, 2019. Does entrepreneurial leadership foster creativity among employees and teams? The mediating role of creative efficacy beliefs. J. Bus. Psychol., 1: 203-217.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Carter, M.Z., A.A. Armenakis, H.S. Feild and K.W. Mossholder, 2013. Transformational leadership, relationship quality and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change. J. Organizational Behav., 34: 942-958.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Chen, A.S.Y. and Y.H. Hou, 2016. The effects of ethical leadership, voice behavior and climates for innovation on creativity: A moderated mediation examination. Leadersh. Q., 27: 1-13.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Chen, J., W.S. Leung and K.P. Evans, 2016. Are employee-friendly workplaces conducive to innovation?. J. Corporate Finance, 40: 61-79.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Chen, J.S., D. Kerr, C.Y. Chou and C. Ang, 2017. Business co-creation for service innovation in the hospitality and tourism industry. Intl. J. Contemp. Hospitality Manage., 29: 1522-1540.
Direct Link  |  

Chen, T., F. Li and K. Leung, 2016. When does supervisor support encourage innovative behavior? Opposite moderating effects of general self‐efficacy and internal locus of control. Personnel Psychol., 69: 123-158.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Chen, Y.R., X.P. Chen and R. Portnoy, 2009. To whom do positive norm and negative norm of reciprocity apply? Effects of inequitable offer, relationship and relational-self orientation. J. Exp. Social Psychol., 45: 24-34.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Chenhall, R.H. and K. Langfield-Smith, 2003. Performance measurement and reward systems, trust and strategic change. J. Manage. Accounting Res., 15: 117-143.
Direct Link  |  

Chenhall, R.H., 2005. Integrative strategic performance measurement systems, strategic alignment of manufacturing, learning and strategic outcomes: An exploratory study. Accounting Organizations Soc., 30: 395-433.
CrossRef  |  

Chin, W.W., 1998. Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Q., 22: 7-16.
Direct Link  |  

Chin, W.W., 1998. The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods Bus. Res., 295: 295-336.

Cohen, J., 1988. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd Edn., Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, USA., ISBN: 0-8058-6283-5, Pages: 128.

Colquitt, J.A., B.A. Scott and J.A. LePine, 2007. Trust, trustworthiness and trust propensity: A meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance. J. Appl. Psychol., 92: 909-927.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Cooper, S., R. Cant, C. Connell, L. Sims and J.E. Porter et al., 2016. Measuring teamwork performance: Validity testing of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) with clinical resuscitation teams. Resuscitation, 101: 97-101.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Cropanzano, R., C.A. Prehar and P.Y. Chen, 2002. Using social exchange theory to distinguish procedural from interactional justice. Group Organiz. Manage., 27: 324-351.
Direct Link  |  

Dansereau, F., G. Graen and W.J. Haga, 1975. A vertical dyad linkage approach to leadership within formal organizations: A longitudinal investigation of the role making process. Organizational Behav. Hum. Perform., 13: 46-78.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

DeConinck, J.B. and J.T. Johnson, 2009. The effects of perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support and organizational justice on turnover among salespeople. J. Pers. Selling Sales Manage., 29: 333-350.
Direct Link  |  

DeConinck, J.B., 2010. The effect of organizational justice, perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support on marketing employees' level of trust. J. Bus. Res., 63: 1349-1355.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Dhar, R.L., 2016. Ethical leadership and its impact on service innovative behavior: The role of LMX and job autonomy. Tourism Manage., 57: 139-148.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Dietz, J., S.D. Pugh and J.W. Wiley, 2004. Service climate effects on customer attitudes: An examination of boundary conditions. Acad. Manage. J., 47: 81-92.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Dirks, K.T. and D.L. Ferrin, 2002. Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. J. Applied Psychol., 87: 611-628.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Donate, M.J. and J.D.S. de Pablo, 2015. The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in knowledge management practices and innovation. J. Bus. Res., 68: 360-370.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Dong, Y., H. Liao, A. Chuang, J. Zhou and E.M. Campbell, 2015. Fostering employee service creativity: Joint effects of customer empowering behaviors and supervisory empowering leadership. J. Appl. Psychol., 100: 1364-1380.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Eid, R. and S. Elbanna, 2018. A triangulation study to assess the perceived city image in the Arab middle east context: The case of Al-Ain in the UAE. Tourism Plann. Dev., 15: 118-133.
Direct Link  |  

Elenkov, D.S. and I.M. Manev, 2005. Top management leadership and influence on innovation: The role of sociocultural context. J. Manage., 31: 381-402.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Epitropaki, O., I. Kapoutsis, B.P. Ellen III, G.R. Ferris, K. Drivas et al., 2016. Navigating uneven terrain: The roles of political skill and LMX differentiation in prediction of work relationship quality and work outcomes. J. Organizational Behav., 37: 1078-1103.
Direct Link  |  

Erdogan, B. and J. Enders, 2007. Support from the top: Supervisors perceived organizational support as a moderator of leader-member exchange to satisfaction and performance relationships. J. Appl. Psychol., 92: 321-330.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Fornell, C. and D.F. Larcker, 1981. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J. Market. Res., 18: 39-50.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Fornell, C. and J. Cha, 1994. Partial Least Squares. In: Advanced Methods in Marketing Research, Bagozzi, R.P. (Ed.). Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA., ISBN:9781557865496, pp: 52-78.

Garg, S. and R.L. Dhar, 2014. Effects of stress, LMX and perceived organizational support on service quality: Mediating effects of organizational commitment. J. Hospitality, Tourism, Manage., 21: 64-75.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Gefen, D. and E.E. Rigdon, 2011. An update and extension to SEM guidelines for administrative and social science research. MIS. Q., 35: 1-7.

Gefen, D., D.W. Straub and M.C. Boudreau, 2000. Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research practice. Commun. Assoc. Inform. Syst., 4: 1-77.
Direct Link  |  

Gold, A.H., A. Malhotra and A.H. Segars, 2001. Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. J. Manage. Inform. Syst., 18: 185-214.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Graen, E.B. and T.A. Scandura, 1987. Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. Res. Org. Behav., 9: 174-208.

Graen, G.B. and U.M. Bien, 1995. Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. Leadersh. Q., 6: 219-247.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Hair, J.F., W.C. Black, B.J. Babin and R.E. Anderson, 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. 7th Edn., Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ., USA., ISBN-13: 9780135153093, Pages: 800.

Hair, Jr., J.F., G.T.M. Hult, C.M. Ringle and M. Sarstedt, 2017. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). 2nd Edn., Sage Publisher, Thousand Oaks, California.

Hammond, M.M., N.L. Neff, J.L. Farr, A.R. Schwall and X. Zhao, 2011. Predictors of individual-level innovation at work: A meta-analysis. Psychol. Aesthetics Creativity Arts, 5: 90-105.
Direct Link  |  

Henseler, J., C.M. Ringle and M. Sarstedt, 2015. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. J. Acad. Marketing Sci., 43: 115-135.
Direct Link  |  

Hoch, J.E., W.H. Bommer, J.H. Dulebohn and D. Wu, 2018. Do ethical, authentic and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. J. Manage., 44: 501-529.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Hollander, E.P., 1978. Leadership Dynamics: A Practical Guide to Effective Relationships. The Free Press, New York, Pages: 228.

Homans, G.C., 1958. Social behavior as exchange. Am. J. Sociol., 63: 597-606.
Direct Link  |  

Hon, A.H., 2011. Enhancing employee creativity in the Chinese context: The mediating role of employee self-concordance. Intl J. Hospitality Manage., 30: 375-384.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Hon, A.H.Y., 2010. Shaping environments conductive to creativity: The role of intrinsic motivation. Cornell Hospitality Q., 53: 53-64.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Howell, J.M. and K.E. Hall-Merenda, 1999. The ties that bind: The impact of leader-member exchange, transformational and transactional leadership and distance on predicting follower performance. J. Applied Psychol., 84: 680-694.
CrossRef  |  

Huang, X., J. Iun, A. Liu and Y. Gong, 2010. Does participative leadership enhance work performance by inducing empowerment or trust? The differential effects on managerial and non-managerial subordinates. J. Organiz. Behav., 31: 122-143.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Index, G.I., 2016. Government institutions effectiveness: Yemen versus Arab countries: Rank among 143 countries. INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.

Janssen, O. and N.W. van Yperen, 2004. Employees' goal orientations, the quality of leader-member exchange and the outcomes of job performance and job satisfaction. Acad. Manage. J., 47: 368-384.
Direct Link  |  

Joo, B.K., 2010. Organizational commitment for knowledge workers: The roles of perceived organizational learning culture, leader-member exchange quality and turnover intention. Hum. Resour. Dev. Q., 21: 69-85.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Jung, D.I., C. Chow and A. Wu, 2003. The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: Hypotheses and some preliminary findings. Leadersh. Q., 14: 525-544.
CrossRef  |  

Kang, J.H., J.G. Matusik, T.Y. Kim and J.M. Phillips, 2016. Interactive effects of multiple organizational climates on employee innovative behavior in entrepreneurial firms: A cross-level investigation. J. Bus. Venturing, 31: 628-642.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kannan, V.R. and K.C. Tan, 2005. Just in time, total quality management and supply chain management: Understanding their linkages and impact on business performance. Omega, 33: 153-162.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Khalefa, G.S.A., 2015. Ethnic restaurants' meal experience: Egyptian customers’ perceptions. Int. J. Heritage Tourism Hospitality, 9: 92-112.
Direct Link  |  

Khalifa, G.S. and M.A. Abou-Shouk, 2014. Investigating the success factors of hotel websites: The case of Egyptian hotels. Asia Pac. J. Innovation Hospitality Tourism, 3: 131-151.
Direct Link  |  

Khalifa, G.S.A. and M. Hewedi, 2016. Factors affecting hotel website purchasing intentions: Evidence from Egypt. J. Faculty Tourism Hotels, Fayoum Univ., 8: 50-69.

Khalifa, G.S.A. and N.M. Fawzy, 2017. Measuring E-service quality (Expectation Vs. Perception) from travel agencies perspective: An empirical study on egyptian hotel websites. Intl. J. Recent Trends Bus. Tourism, 1: 36-48.

Khaola, P. and D. Coldwell, 2019. Explaining how leadership and justice influence employee innovative behaviours. Eur. J. Innovation Manage., 22: 193-212.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Kline, R.B., 2010. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 3rd Edn., The Guilford Press, New York, USA., ISBN-13: 9781606238769, Pages: 427.

Konovsky, M.A. and S.D. Pugh, 1994. Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Acad. Manage. J., 37: 656-669.
PubMed  |  

Krejcie, R.V. and D.W. Morgan, 1970. Determining sample size for research activities. Educ. Psychol. Meas., 30: 607-610.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lee, B.C., J.O. Yoon and I. Lee, 2009. Learner's acceptance of e-learning in South Korea: Theories and results. Comput. Educ., 53: 1320-1329.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Levitt, T., 2002. Creativity is not enough. Harv. Bus. Rev., 80: 137-144.

Li, C. and K. Shi, 2008. The structure and measurement of transformational leadership in China. Front. Bus. Res. China, 2: 571-590.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Li, J.J., W.G. Kim and X.R. Zhao, 2017. Multilevel model of management support and casino employee turnover intention. Tourism Manage., 59: 193-204.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Liao, H. and A. Chuang, 2007. Transforming service employees and climate: A multilevel, multisource examination of transformational leadership in building long-term service relationships. J. Applied Psychol., 92: 1006-1019.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Liaw, Y.J., N.W. Chi and A. Chuang, 2010. Examining the mechanisms linking transformational leadership, employee customer orientation, and service performance: The mediating roles of perceived supervisor and coworker support. J. Bus. Psychol., 25: 477-492.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lin, R.J., R.H. Chen and K.K.S. Chiu, 2010. Customer relationship management and innovation capability: An empirical study. Ind. Manage. Data Sys., 110: 111-133.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Liu, D., K. Jiang, C.E. Shalley, S. Keem and J. Zhou, 2016. Motivational mechanisms of employee creativity: A meta-analytic examination and theoretical extension of the creativity literature. Organizational Behave. Hum. Decis. Processes, 137: 236-263.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Luo, Y., 2005. Corporate governance and accountability in multinational enterprises: Concepts and agenda. J. Intl. Manage., 11: 1-18.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Makri, M. and T.A. Scandura, 2010. Exploring the effects of creative CEO leadership on innovation in high-technology firms. Leadership Q., 21: 75-88.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Martin, R., Y. Guillaume, G. Thomas, A. Lee and O. Epitropaki, 2016. Leader-member exchange (LMX) and performance: A meta‐analytic review. Personnel Psychol., 69: 67-121.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Masterson, S.S., K. Lewis, B.M. Goldman and M.S. Taylor, 2000. Integrating justice and social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships. Acad. Manage. J., 43: 738-748.
Direct Link  |  

Mayfield, M. and J. Mayfield, 2009. The role of leader-follower relationships in leader communication: A test using the LMX and motivating language models. J. Bus. Inq., 8: 65-82.
Direct Link  |  

McAllister, D.J., 1995. Affect-and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Acad. Manage. J., 38: 24-59.

Mohamud, S.S., G.S.A. Khalifa, A.E. Abuelhassan and S. Kaliyamoorthy, 2017. Investigating the antecedents of coffee shop customers' behavioral intentions in Kuala Lumpur. Intl. J. Recent Trends Bus. Tourism, 1: 1-14.
Direct Link  |  

Montes, F.J.L., A.R. Moreno and V.G. Morales, 2005. Influence of support leadership and teamwork cohesion on organizational learning, innovation and performance: An empirical examination. Technovation, 25: 1159-1172.
Direct Link  |  

Myers, R.H., 1990. Classical and Modern Regression with Applications. 2nd Edn., Duxbury, Washington.

Nunnally, J.C. and I.H. Bernstein, 1994. Psychometric Theory. 3rd Edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.

O'Brien, R.M., 2007. A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Qual. Quantity, 41: 673-690.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Paulus, P.B. and H.C. Yang, 2000. Idea generation in groups: A basis for creativity in organizations. Organizational Behav. Hum. Decis. Processes, 82: 76-87.
Direct Link  |  

Pillai, R., T.A. Scandura and E.A. Williams, 1999. Leadership and organizational justice: Similarities and differences across cultures. J. Int. Bus. Stud., 30: 763-779.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Qoura, O. and G.S.A. Khalifa, 2016. The impact of reputation management on hotel image among internal customers: The case of egyptian hotels. Intl. J. Heritage Tourism Hospitality, 7: 261-274.

Radzi, C.W.J.W.M., H. Hui, H.S. Jenatabadi, F.A. Kasim and S. Radu, 2013. The relationship among transformational leadership, organizational learning and organizational innovation: A case study in asian manufacturing food industry. Asian J. Empirical Res., 3: 1051-1060.
Direct Link  |  

Rao, M.S., 2016. Collaborate to build effective teams to achieve organizational excellence and effectiveness. Ind. Commer. Training, 48: 24-28.
Direct Link  |  

Restubog, S.L.D., P. Bordia, R.L. Tang and S.A. Krebs, 2010. Investigating the moderating effects of leader-member exchange in the psychological contract breach-employee performance relationship: A test of two competing perspectives. Br. J. Manage., 21: 422-437.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Ringle, C.M. and M. Sarstedt, 2016. Gain more insight from your PLS-SEM results: The importance-performance map analysis. Ind. Manage. Data Syst., 116: 1865-1886.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Ringle, C.M., S. Wende and J.M. Becker, 2015. SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH, Bonningstedt, Germany.

Robinson, R.N. and L.G. Beesley, 2010. Linkages between creativity and intention to quit: An occupational study of chefs. Tourism Manage., 31: 765-776.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Scandura, T.A., G.B. Graen and M.A. Novak, 1986. When managers decide not to decide autocratically: An investigation of leader-member exchange and decision influence. J. Appl. Psychol., 71: 579-584.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Schneider, B., E.G. Godfrey, S.C. Hayes, M. Huang and B.C. Lim et al., 2002. The human side of strategy: Employee experiences of strategic alignment in a service organization. Organizational Dyn., 32: 122-141.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Schneider, B., J.K. Wheeler and J.F. Cox, 1992. A passion for service: Using content analysis to explicate service climate themes. J. Appl. Psychol., 77: 705-716.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Schneider, B., M.G. Ehrhart, D.M. Mayer, J.L. Saltz and K. Niles-Jolly, 2005. Understanding organization-customer links in service settings. Acad. Manage. J., 48: 1017-1032.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Schneider, S.K. and W.M. George, 2011. Servant leadership versus transformational leadership in voluntary service organizations. Leadersh. Organiz. Dev. J., 32: 60-77.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Schriesheim, C.A., L.L. Neider and T.A. Scandura, 1998. Delegation and leader-member exchange: Main effects, moderators and measurement issues. Acad. Manage. J., 41: 298-318.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Schumacker, R.E. and R.G. Lomax, 2004. A beginner`s Guide to Structural Equation Model. 2nd Edn., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New YorK.

Scott, S.G. and R.A. Bruce, 1994. Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Acad. Manage. J., 37: 580-607.
Direct Link  |  

Sekiguchi, T., J.P. Burton and C.J. Sablynski, 2008. The role of job embeddedness on employee performance: The interactive effects with leader-member exchange and organization‐based self‐esteem. Personnel Psychol., 61: 761-792.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Shalley, C.E. and L.L. Gilson, 2004. What leaders need to know: A review of social and contextual factors that can foster or hinder creativity. Leadership Q., 15: 33-53.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Shalley, C.E., J. Zhou and G.R. Oldham, 2004. The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here? J. Manage., 30: 933-958.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Sosik, J.J., S.S. Kahai and B.J. Avolio, 1998. Transformational leadership and dimensions of creativity: Motivating idea generation in computer-mediated groups. Creativity Res. J., 11: 111-121.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Sullivan, G.M. and R. Feinn, 2012. Using effect size-or why the P value is not enough. J. Graduate Med. Educ., 4: 279-282.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Tabachnick, B.G. and L.S. Fidell, 2012. Using Multivariate Statistics. 6th Edn., Pearson Education, Boston, MA., ISBN-13: 9780205849574, Pages: 983.

Tan, H.H. and C.S.F. Tan, 2000. Toward the differentiation of trust in supervisor and trust in organization. Genet. Soc. Gen. Psychol. Monogr., 126: 241-260.
Direct Link  |  

Tastan, S.B. and S.M.M. Davoudi, 2015. An examination of the relationship between leader-member exchange and innovative work behavior with the moderating role of trust in leader: A study in the Turkish context. Procedia Social Behav. Sci., 181: 23-32.
Direct Link  |  

Volmer, J., D. Spurk and C. Niessen, 2012. Leader-member exchange (LMX), job autonomy and creative work involvement. Leadersh. Q., 23: 456-465.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Walumbwa, F.O., C.A. Hartnell and E. Misati, 2017. Does ethical leadership enhance group learning behavior? Examining the mediating influence of group ethical conduct, justice climate and peer justice. J. Bus. Res., 72: 14-23.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Walumbwa, F.O., D.M. Mayer, P. Wang, H. Wang and K. Workman et al., 2011. Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: The roles of leader-member exchange, self-efficacy and organizational identification. Organizational Behav. Hum. Decis. Processes, 115: 204-213.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wang, C.J., H.T. Tsai and M.T. Tsai, 2014. Linking transformational leadership and employee creativity in the hospitality industry: The influences of creative role identity, creative self-efficacy and job complexity. Tourism Manage., 40: 79-89.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wang, H., K.S. Law, R.D. Hackett, D. Wang and Z.X. Chen, 2005. Leader-member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers' performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Acad. Manage. J., 48: 420-432.
Direct Link  |  

Wang, W.T. and C.P. Hsiao, 2014. The influences of knowledge exchange on organizational C-commerce success and crisis readiness: The case of the crisis of an automobile manufacturing and merchandising group. Decis. Support Syst., 68: 1-14.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wang, X.H., Y. Fang, I. Qureshi and O. Janssen, 2015. Understanding employee innovative behavior: Integrating the social network and leader-member exchange perspectives. J. Organiz. Behav., 36: 403-420.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wayne, S.J., L.M. Shore and R.C. Liden, 1997. Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Acad. Manage. J., 40: 82-111.
Direct Link  |  

Weng, R.H., W.P. Chen, C.Y. Huang, C.H. Hung and C.T. Hsu, 2016. Can nurse innovation improve customer perception of service quality and experience?. J. Clin. Nurs., 25: 1950-1961.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Werts, C.E., R.L. Linn and K.G. Joreskog, 1974. Intraclass reliability estimates: Testing structural assumptions. Educ. Psychol. Meas., 34: 25-33.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wisse, B., D.P. Barelds and E.F. Rietzschel, 2015. How innovative is your employee? The role of employee and supervisor Dark Triad personality traits in supervisor perceptions of employee innovative behavior. Personality Individual Differences, 82: 158-162.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wong, Y.T., C.S. Wong and H.Y. Ngo, 2002. Loyalty to supervisor and trust in supervisor of workers in Chinese joint ventures: A test of two competing models. Intl. J. Hum. Resour. Manage., 13: 883-900.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Wong, Y.T., H.Y. Ngo and C.S. Wong, 2006. Perceived organizational justice, trust and OCB: A study of Chinese workers in joint ventures and state-owned enterprises. J. World Bus., 41: 344-355.
CrossRef  |  

Wu, M., X. Huang, C. Li and W. Liu, 2012. Perceived interactional justice and trust-in-supervisor as mediators for paternalistic leadership. Manage. Organiz. Rev., 8: 97-122.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Xerri, M., 2013. Workplace relationships and the innovative behaviour of nursing employees: A social exchange perspective. Asia Pac. J. Hum. Resour., 51: 103-123.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Yang, J. and K.W. Mossholder, 2010. Examining the effects of trust in leaders: A bases-and-foci approach. Leadership Q., 21: 50-63.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Yang, J., K.W. Mossholder and T.K. Peng, 2009. Supervisory procedural justice effects: The mediating roles of cognitive and affective trust. Leadership Q., 20: 143-154.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Yukl, G. and P.P. Fu, 1999. Determinants of delegation and consultation by managers. J. Organiz. Behav. Intl. J. Ind. Occup. Organ. Psychol. Behav., 20: 219-232.
Direct Link  |  

Zhang, Z., M.O. Wang and J. Shi, 2012. Leader-follower congruence in proactive personality and work outcomes: The mediating role of leader-member exchange. Acad. Manage. J., 55: 111-130.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Design and power by Medwell Web Development Team. © Medwell Publishing 2024 All Rights Reserved