References

Antranikian, G., C.E. Vorgias and C. Bertoldo, 2005. Extreme environments as a resource for microorganisms and novel biocatalysts. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol., 96: 219-262.
Direct Link  |  

Biwer, A., G. Antranikian and E. Heinzle, 2002. Enzymatic production of cyclodextrins. Applied Microbiol. Biotechnol., 59: 609-617.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Cao, X., Z. Jin, X. Wang and F. Chen, 2005. A novel cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from an alkalophilic Bacillus species: Purification and characterization. Food Res. Int., 38: 309-314.
Direct Link  |  

Chang, C.T., M.S. Tang and C.S. Lin, 1995. Purification and properties of &alpha-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae ATCC 76080. Biochem. Molbiol. Int., 36: 185-193.
PubMed  |  

Charoenlap, N., S. Dharmsthiti, S. Sisisansaneeyakul and S. Lertsiri, 2004. Optimization of cyclodextrin production from sago starch. Bioresour. Technol., 92: 49-54.
CrossRef  |  

Englard, S. and T.P. Singer, 1950. Physiochemical studies on &alpha-amylase. J. Biol. Chem., 187: 213-219.

Ferrarotti, S.A., A.M. Rosso, M.A. Marechal, N. Krymkiewicz and L.R. Marechal, 1996. Isolation of two strain (S-R Type) of Bacillus circulans and purification of a cyclomaltodextrin-glucanotransferase. Cell Mol. Biol., 42: 653-657.
PubMed  |  

Fujita, Y., H. Tsubouchi, Y. Inagi, K. Tomita, A. Ozaki and K. Nakanishi, 1990. Purification and properties of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus sp. AL-6. J. Fermentation Bioeng., 70: 150-154.
CrossRef  |  

Gawande, B.N. and A.Y. Patkar, 1999. Application of factorial designs for optimization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase production from Klebsiella pneumoniae AS-22. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 64: 168-173.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Gawande, B.N. and A.Y. Patkar, 2001. Purification and properties of a novel raw starch degrading-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Klebsiella pneumoniae AS-22. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 28: 735-743.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Goel, A. and S. Nene, 1995. A novel cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus firmus that degrades raw starch. Biotechnol. Lett., 17: 411-416.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Higuti, I.H., S.W. Grande, R. Sacco and A.J. do Nascimento, 2003. Isolation of alkalophilic CGTase-producing bacteria and characterization of cyclodextrin-glycosyltransferase. Braz. Archives Biol. Technol., 46: 183-186.
CrossRef  |  

Horikoshi, K., 1999. Alkaliphilies: Some applications of their products for biotechnology. Microb. Molecul. Biol. Rev., 63: 735-750.
Direct Link  |  

Jin-Bong, H., S.H. Kim, T.K. Lee and H.C. Yang, 1990. Production of maltodextrin from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Korean J. Applied Biotechnol., 19: 578-584.

Kaneko, T., T. Kato, N. Nakamura and K. Horikhoshi, 1987. Spectrophotometric determination of cyclozation activity of β-cyclodextrin-forming cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. J. Japan Soc. Starch Sci., 34: 45-48.

Kim, T.J., B.C. Kim and H.S. Lee, 1995. Production of cyclodextrin using moderately heat-treated corn starch. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 17: 1057-1061.
CrossRef  |  

Kumar, V., 2010. Analysis of the key active subsites of glycoside hydrolase 13 family members. Carbohydrate Res., 345: 893-898.
CrossRef  |  

Kumar, V., 2010. Identification of the conserved spatial position of key active-site atoms in glycoside hydrolase 13 family members. Carbohydr Res., 345: 1564-1569.
CrossRef  |  

Laemmli, U.K., 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227: 680-685.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Larsen, K.L., L. Duedahl-Olesen, H.J.S. Christensen, F. Mathiesen, L.H. Pedersen and W. Zimmermann, 1998. Purification and characterization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Paenibacillus sp. F8. Carbohydr. Res., 310: 211-219.
CrossRef  |  

Liebl, W., R. Feil, J. Gabelsberger, J. Kellermann and H.H. Schleifer, 1992. Purification and characterization of a novel thermostable 4-alpha-glucanotransferase of Thermotoga maritima cloned in Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem., 207: 81-88.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  

Lineweaver, H. and D. Burk, 1934. The determination of enzyme dissociation constants. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56: 658-666.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr and R.J. Randall, 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Mahat, M.K., R.M. Illias, R.A. Rahman, N.A.A. Rashid and N.A.N. Mahmood et al., 2004. Production of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. TS1-1: Media optimization using experimental design. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 35: 467-473.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Makela, M.J., S.K. Paavilainen and T.K. Korpela, 1990. Growth dynamics of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase producing Bacillus circulans var. alkalophilus. Can. J. Microbiol., 36: 176-182.

Matioli, G., G.M. Zanin and F.F. Moraes, 2001. Characterization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus firmus strain no. 37. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 91-93: 643-654.
PubMed  |  

Matioli, G., G.M. Zanin and F.F. Moraes, 2002. Influence of substrate and product concentrations on the production of cyclodextrins by CGTase of Bacillus firmus, strain no. 37. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 98-100: 947-960.
CrossRef  |  

Moriwaki, C., F.M. Pelissari, R.A.C. Goncalves, J.E. Goncalves and G. Matioli, 2007. Immobilization of Bacillus firmus strain 37 in inorganic matrix for cyclodextrin production. J. Mol. Catal., B Enzym, 49: 1-7.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Moriwaki, C., G.L. Costa, R. Pazzetto, G.M. Zanin, F.F. Moraes, M. Portilho and G. Tioli, 2007. Production and characterization of a new cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus firmus isolated from Brazilian soil. Process Biochem., 42: 1384-1390.
CrossRef  |  

Moriwaki, C., L.R. Ferreira, J.R.T. Rodella and G. Matioli, 2009. A novel cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus sphaericus strain 41: Production, characterization and catalytic properties. Biochem. Eng. J., 48: 124-131.
CrossRef  |  

Rahman, K., R.M. Illias, O. Hassan, N.A.N. Mahmood and N.A.A. Rashid, 2006. Molecular cloning of a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase gene from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. TS1-1 and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 39: 74-84.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Rha, C.S., D.H. Lee, S.G. Kim, W.K. Min and S.G. Byun, 2005. Production of cyclodextrin by poly-lysine fused Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase immobilized on cation exchanger. J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym, 34: 39-43.
CrossRef  |  

Rosso, A.M., S.A. Ferrarotti, N. Krymkiewicz and B.C. Nudel, 2002. Optimisation of batch culture conditions for cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus circulans DF 9R. Microl. Cell Fact., 1: 1-9.
Direct Link  |  

Sabioni, J. and Y. Park, 1992. Production and characterization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus lentus. Starch, 44: 225-229.
CrossRef  |  

Sabioni, J.G. and Y.K. Park, 1992. Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase production by alkalophilic Bacillus lentus. Rev. Microbiol., 23: 128-132.
Direct Link  |  

Salva, T.J.G., V.B. De Lima and A.P. Pagan, 1997. Screening of alkalophilic bacteria for cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase production. Rev. Microbiol., 28: 157-164.

Savergave, L.S., S.S. Dhule, V.V. Jogdand, S.N. Nene and R.V. Gadre, 2008. Production and single step purification of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from alkalophilic Bacillus firmus by ion exchange chromatography. Biochem. Eng. J., 39: 510-515.
CrossRef  |  

Sohn, C.B., S.A. Kim, Y.A. Park, M.H. Kim, S.K. Moon and S.A. Jang, 1997. Char-acterization of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus firmus. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 26: 351-357.

Szerman, N., I. Schroh, A.L. Rossi, A.M. Rosso, N. Krymkiewicz and S.A. Ferrarotti, 2007. Cyclodextrin production by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans DF 9R. Bioresour. Technol., 98: 2886-2891.
CrossRef  |  

Thatai, A., M. Kumar and K.J. Mukherjee, 1999. A single step purification process for cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from a Bacillus sp. isolated from soil. Preparat. Biochem. Biotechnol., 29: 35-47.
Direct Link  |  

Tiwari, K.L., S.K. Jadhav and Fatima, 2007. Culture condition for the production of thermostable amylase by Penicillium rugulosum. Global J. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2: 21-24.

Tomita, K., M. Kaneda, K. Kawamura and K. Nakanishi, 1993. Purification and properties of a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus autolyticus 11149 and selective formation of β-Cyclodextrin. J. Ferment. Bioeng., 75: 89-92.

Tonkova, A., 1998. Bacterial cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. Enzyme Microbiol. Technol., 22: 678-686.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Uitdehaag, J.C.M., K.H. Kalk, B.A. van der Veen, L. Dijkhuizen and B.W. Dijkstra, 1999. The cyclization mechanism of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) as revealed by a γ-cyclodextrin-CGTase complex at 1.8-A resolution. J. Biol. Chem., 274: 34868-34876.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Yim, D.G., H.H. Sato, Y.H. Park and Y.K. Park, 1997. Production of cyclodextrin from starch by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus firmus and characterization of purified enzyme. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 18: 402-405.
CrossRef  |  

Yong, J., J.N. Choi, S.S. Park, C.S. Park, K.H. Park and Y.D. Choi, 1996. Secretion of heterologous cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase of Bacillus sp. E1 from Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Lett., 18: 1223-1228.
CrossRef  |  

van den Burg, B., 2003. Extremophiles as a source for novel enzymes. Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 6: 213-218.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |