References

Ansah, C. and N.J. Gooderham, 2002. The popular herbal antimalarial, extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, is potently cytotoxic. Toxicol. Sci., 70: 245-251.
Direct Link  |  

Ansah, C., A. Khan and N.J. Gooderham, 2005. In vitro genotoxicity of the West African anti-malarial herbal Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and its major alkaloid cryptolepine. Toxicology, 208: 141-147.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Bamgbose, S.O.A. and B.K. Naomesi, 1981. Studies on cryptolepine II: Inhibition of carrageenan induced oedema by cryptolepine. Planta Med., 41: 392-396.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Bonjean, K., M.C. De Pauw-Gillet, M.P. Defresne, P. Colson and C. Houssier et al., 1998. The DNA intercalating alkaloid cryptolepine interferes with topoisomerase II and inhibits primarily DNA synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. Biochemistry, 37: 1536-1546.
CrossRef  |  

Bradley, L. and S.A. Doggrell, 1985. Modification by desipramine of the effects of 1-adrenoceptor antagonists on the contractile responses of the trisected rat vas deferens. Gen. Pharmacol., 16: 475-482.

Cardonick, E. and A. Iacobucci, 2004. Use of chemotherapy during human pregnancy. Lancet Oncol., 5: 283-291.
Direct Link  |  

Dassonneville, L., K. Bonjean, De M.C. Pauw-Gillet, P. Colson and C. Houssier et al., 1999. Stimulation of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage by three DNA-intercalating plant alkaloids: Cryptolepine, matadine and serpentine. Biochemistry, 38: 7719-7726.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Doggrell, S.A., 1981. Prazosin selectively inhibits the responses to field stimulation in the rat vas deferens. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 71: 447-453.
Direct Link  |  

Dwuma-Badu, D., J.S. Ayim, N.I. Fiagbe, J.E. Knapp, P.L. Jr, Schiff and D.J. Slatkin, 1978. Constituents of West African medicinal plants XX: Quindoline from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. J. Pharm. Sci., 67: 433-444.
Direct Link  |  

Fabro, S., J.A. Mclachlan and N.M. Dames, 1984. Chemical exposure of embryos during the preimplantation stages of pregnancy: Mortality rate and intrauterine development. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 148: 929-938.
Direct Link  |  

Green, S., A. Auletta, J. Fabricant, R. Kapp, M. Manandhar, C.J. Sheu, J. Springer and B. Whitfield, 1985. Current status of bioassays in genetic toxicology-the dominant lethal assay: A report of the U.S. environmental protection agency gene-tox program. Mutat. Res., 154: 49-67.

Homonnai, Z.T., M. Shilon and G.F. Paz, 1984. Phenoxybenzamine: An effective male contraceptive pill. Contraception, 29: 479-791.
PubMed  |  

Klaassen, C.D., 1996. Casarett and Doull`s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. 5th Edn., McGraw Hill, New York, ISBN: 0071054766.

Leslie, K.K., C. Koil and W.F. Rayburn, 2005. Chemotherapeutic drugs in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North Am., 32: 627-640.
CrossRef  |  

Lisgarten, J.N., M. Coll, J. Portugal, C.W. Wright and J. Aymami, 2002. The antimalarial and cytotoxic drug cryptolepine intercalates into DNA at cytosine-cytosine sites. Nat. Struct. Biol., 9: 57-60.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Meistrich, M.L., 1989. Evaluation of reproductive toxicity by testicular sperm head counts. J. Am. Coll. Tox., 8: 551-567.
CrossRef  |  

Noamesi, B.K. and S.O.A. Bamgbose, 1980. The α-adrenoceptor blocking properties of cryptolepine on the rat isolated vas deferens: Studies on cryptolepine. Part I. Planta Med., 39: 51-56.
PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Norgard, B., L. Pedersen, K. Fonoger, S.N. Rasmussen and H.T. Sorensen, 2003. Azathioprine, mercaptopurine and birth outcome: A population-based cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther., 17: 827-834.
Direct Link  |  

Olajide, O.A., A.M. Ajayi and C.W. Wright, 2009. Anti-inflammatory properties of cryptolepine. Phytother, 23: 1421-1425.
Direct Link  |  

Ratnasooriya, W.D. and R.M. Wadsworth, 1994. Tamsulosin, a selective alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, inhibits fertility of male rats. Andrologia, 26: 107-110.
Direct Link  |  

Ratnasooriya, W.D., 1984. Effect of atropine on fertility of female rat and sperm motility. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 22: 463-466.
Direct Link  |  

Rauwald, H.W., M. Kober, E. Mutschler and G. Lambrecht, 1992. Cryptolepis sanguinolenta: Antimuscarinic properties of cryptolepine and the alkaloid fraction at M1, M2 and M3 receptors. Planta Med., 58: 486-488.
CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Direct Link  |  

Russell, L.B. and M.D. Shelby, 1985. Test for heritable genetic damage and for the evidence of gonadal exposure in mammals. Mutat Res., 154: 69-84.
Direct Link  |  

Sato, T., Y. Ban, M. Uchida, E. Gondo and M. Yamamoto et al., 2005. Atropine-induced inhibition of sperm and semen transport impairs fertility in male rats. J. Toxicol. Sci., 30: 207-212.
Direct Link  |  

Shelby, M.D., 1994. Human germ cell mutagenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 23: 30-34.

Skomsvoll, J.F., R.E.K.H. Svean, S.K. Asmund, V.D.V. R. Tarjei and O. Monika, 2005. Reversible infertility from non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Tidssk. Den Nor. Laegeforen., 125: 1476-1478.
Direct Link  |  

Snow, M.H.L. and P.P.L. Tam, 1979. Is compensatory growth a complicating factor in mouse teratology?. Nature, 279: 555-557.
CrossRef  |  

Sofowora, A., 1982. Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 1st Edn., John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, New York, ISBN-10: 0471103675, Pages: 256.

Solomon, H.M., P.J. Wire, D.L. Ippolito and T.V. Toscano, 1997. Effect of prazosin on sperm transport in male rats. Reprod. Toxicol., 11: 627-631.
CrossRef  |  

Wilson, J.G., 1973. Environment and Birth Defects. 1st Edn., Academic Press, New York, pp: 233-272.

Zanagnolo, V., A.M. Dharmarajan, K. Endo and E.E. Wallach, 1996. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and naproxen sodium (naproxen) on ovulation, prostaglandin and progesterone production in the rabbit. Fertil. Steril., 65: 1036-1043.
Direct Link  |  

Zemlickis, D., M. Lishner, P. Degendorfer, T. Panzarella, S.B. Sutcliffe and G. Koren, 1992. Fetal outcome after in utero exposure to cancer chemotherapy. Arch. Int. Med., 152: 573-576.
Direct Link  |