References

APROSC. and JMA., 1995. Nepal: Agricultural Perspective Plan. Agricultural Projects Services Centre and John Mellor Associates, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Amundson, R.G., A.R. Ali and A.J. Belsky, 1995. Stomatal responsiveness to changing light intensity increases rain-use efficiency of below crown vegetation in tropical savannas. J. Arid Environ., 29: 139-153.
CrossRef  |  

Anderson, G., 1991. Benefits, limitations and management of a fully integrated agroforestry system. Agric. Sci., 4: 15-17.

Auda, H., R.E. Blaser and R.H. Brown, 1966. Tillering and carbohydrate contents of orchrdgrass as influenced by environmental factors. Crop Sci., 6: 139-143.

Bahmani, I., C. Varlet-Grancher, L. Hazard, C. Matthew and M. Betin et al., 2000. Post‐flowering tillering in contrasting light environments of two New Zealand perennial ryegrass cultivars with different perennation strategies. Grass Forage Sci., 55: 367-371.
CrossRef  |  

Barsila, S.R., 2008. Silvipastoral system: An alternative to sustainable forage production in Nepal. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference, September 21-23, 2008, New Delhi, India -.

Blair, G.J., 1991. The ACIAR Forage Program. In: Forages for Plantation Crops, Shelton, H.M. and W.W. Stur (Eds.). ACIAR, Canberra, pp: 1-4.

Devkota, N.R., 2000. Growth of pasture species in shade in relation to alder silvopastoral systems. Ph.D. Thesis, Massey University, New Zealand.

Gautier, H., C. Varlet-Grancher and L. Hazard, 1999. Tillering responses to the light environment and to defoliation in populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) selected for contrasting leaf length. Ann. Bot., 83: 423-429.
CrossRef  |  

Healy, K.D., K.G. Rickert, G.L. Hammer and M.P. Bange, 1998. Radiation use efficiency increases when the diffusive component of incident radiation is enhanced under shade. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 49: 665-672.
CrossRef  |  

Henderson, M.S. and D.L. Robinson, 1982. Environmental influences on yield and in vitro true digestibility of warm-season perennial grasses and the relationships to fiber components. Agron. J., 74: 943-946.

Krans, J.V. and J.B. Beard, 1985. Effects of clipping on growth and physiology of Merion Kentucky bluegrass. Crop Sci., 25: 17-20.

Ministry of Agriculture, 1993. Livestock master plan. Ministry of Agriculture, His Majesty's Government of Nepal, Singhadarabar, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Mohd Najib, M.A., 2003. Growth of native and improved forages under orchard crops. Proceedings of 8th Meeting of the Regional Working Group on Grazing and Feed Resources for Southeast Asia, September 22-28, 2003, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp: 49-51.

Paez, A., M.E. Gonzalez and J.J. Vilasmil, 1997. Acclimation of Panicum maximum to different light regimes. Effect of subsequent defoliation. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, 14: 625-639.
Direct Link  |  

Pande, R.S., 1997. Fodder and Pasture Development in Nepal. Udaya Research and Development Services (P.) Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal.

Peri, P.L., D.L. McNeil, D.J. Moot, A.C. Varella and R.J. Lucas, 2002. Net photosynthetic rate of cocksfoot leaves under continuous and fluctuating shade conditions in the field. Grass Forage Sci., 57: 157-170.
CrossRef  |  

Raut, Y., 1998. A handbook of animal husbandry, Part I: Pasture production. His Majesty's Government, Nepal, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Livestock Services, Hills Leasehold Forestry and Forage Development Project, Harihar Bhawan, Lalitpur, Nepal.

Reynolds, S.G., 1988. Pastures and Cattle under Coconuts. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, ISBN-13: 9789251027226, Pages: 321.

Robinson, J.B., 1991. The growth of Chloris gayana within and adjacent to a plantation of Eucalyptus grandis. Trop. Grasslands, 25: 287-298.
Direct Link  |  

Shelton, H.M., L.R. Humphreys and C. Batello, 1987. Pastures in the plantations of Asia and the Pacific: Performance and prospect. Trop. Grasslands, 21: 159-168.
Direct Link  |  

Shrestha, S.R., N.R. Devkota and T.R. Chapagain, 1996. Performance of Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) Grass under the Canopy of Sissoo (Dalbergia sisoo). In: IAAS Research Reports (1994-1995), Neupane, F.P. and M. Kharel (Eds.). Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal, pp: 237-239.

Timsina, K., 2005. Growth and nutrititive value of common forage species under Melia based silvipastoral system in Chitwan. M.Sc. Thesis, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Rampur Chitwan, Nepal.

Tinoco-Ojanguren, C. and R.W. Pearcy, 1993. Stomatal dynamics and its importance to carbon gain in two rainforest Piper species. Oecologia, 94: 395-402.
CrossRef  |  

Walkley, A. and I.A. Black, 1934. An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci., 37: 29-38.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Watt, T.A. and R.J. Haggar, 1980. The effect of defoliation upon yield, flowering and vegetative spread of Holcus lanatus growing with and without Lolium perenne. Grass Forage Sci., 35: 227-234.
CrossRef  |  

Wong, C.C. and J.R. Wilson, 1980. Effects of shading on the growth and nitrogen content of green panic and Siratro in pure and mixed swards defoliated at two frequencies. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 31: 269-285.
CrossRef  |  Direct Link  |  

Yadav, J.L. and N.R. Devkota, 2005. Feeds and feeding situation of livestock in the Terai region of Nepal. Proceedings of the Concluding Workshop and 6th Temperate Asia Pasture and Fodder Research Network Meeting, March 8-11, 2005, Dhulikhel, Kabhre District, Nepal -.